Analysis domly assigned to groups receiving surgery followed by radiotherapy, or
radiotherapy alone. 12 The primary outcome was the ability to walk, which occurred in …

If missingness of a variable is related to observed characteristics but not to unobserved
characteristics, the data are (confusingly) called “missing at random.” 2, 5, 6 If data are …

Individual participant data (IPD) meta‐analysis is an increasingly used approach for
synthesizing and investigating treatment effect estimates. Over the past few years, numerous …

Background Estimating attributable mortality of ventilator-associated pneumonia has been
hampered by confounding factors, small sample sizes, and the difficulty of doing relevant …

Measures of interaction on an additive scale (relative excess risk due to interaction [RERI],
attributable proportion [AP], synergy index [S]), were developed for risk factors rather than …

Although missing outcome data are an important problem in randomized trials and
observational studies, methods to address this issue can be difficult to apply. Using …

Background—Self-management interventions are widely implemented in the care for
patients with heart failure (HF). However, trials show inconsistent results, and whether …

Objectives To compare re-rupture rate, complication rate, and functional outcome after
operative versus nonoperative treatment of Achilles tendon ruptures; to compare re-rupture …

Purpose The association between benzodiazepine use and delirium risk in the ICU remains
unclear. Prior investigations have failed to account for disease severity prior to delirium …

Objectives To assess the current practice of propensity score (PS) analysis in the medical
literature, particularly the assessment and reporting of balance on confounders. Study …