This chapter reviews Punctuated Equilibrium Theory (PET), and discusses new empirical
studies in the United States and elsewhere. It deals with an assessment of the strengths and …

Schizophrenia is often referred to as one of the most severe mental disorders, primarily
because of the very high mortality rates of those with the disorder. This article reviews the …

Fermentation, the process whereby anaerobic bacteria break down carbohydrates to short-
chain (C2-C6) fatty acids (SCFAs), is an important function of the large bowel. SCFAs …

Schizophrenia is a highly heritable disorder. Genetic risk is conferred by a large number of
alleles, including common alleles of small effect that might be detected by genome-wide …

Schizophrenia is a complex disorder, caused by both genetic and environmental factors and
their interactions. Research on pathogenesis has traditionally focused on neurotransmitter …

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly heritable childhood behavioral
disorder affecting 5% of children and 2.5% of adults. Common genetic variants contribute …

Schizophrenia is an idiopathic mental disorder with a heritable component and a substantial
public health impact. We conducted a multi-stage genome-wide association study (GWAS) …

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly heritable and heterogeneous group of
neurodevelopmental phenotypes diagnosed in more than 1% of children. Common genetic …

We present the largest exome sequencing study of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to date
(n= 35,584 total samples, 11,986 with ASD). Using an enhanced analytical framework to …

Rare coding variation has historically provided the most direct connections between gene
function and disease pathogenesis. By meta-analysing the whole exomes of 24,248 …