MR Imaging of the Neonatal Brain
Section snippets
Methods
At the University of California at San Francisco (UCSF), all studies are performed using a custom-built MR-compatible neonatal incubator and a high-sensitivity specialized neonatal head coil to reduce patient motion, increase patient safety and comfort, and improve SNR of the MR images [1]. During scanning, neonatologists monitor the infants; intubated newborns are hand-ventilated. Infants are fed before scanning to avoid sedation whenever possible; sedation is used in only about one third of
Neurologic sequelae of hypoxic-ischemic injury in the premature infant
Neuroimaging assessment of premature infants is becoming increasingly important as the number of premature births (11% of all live births in the United States in 2000 [7]) and the survival rates of very low birth weight (<1500 g) infants increase [8]; however, the survivors remain at considerable risk for neurodevelopmental impairments [9], [10], [11], [12]. Among infants who are born at 25 or fewer weeks, up to 90% are stillborn or die before hospital discharge. Of survivors, half have
Summary
Modern neuroimaging techniques can be of significant value in the assessment of the encephalopathic neonate if ultrasound does not reveal the cause of encephalopathy. Anatomic MR imaging should be supplemented by MR angiography, DTI, and proton MR spectroscopy for early assessment of the extent of injury and, often, important clues to the cause.
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Cited by (74)
Brain MRI without anesthesia in children less than 3 months old
2022, RadiologiaNeuroimaging Perspectives of Perinatal Arterial Ischemic Stroke
2020, Pediatric NeurologyCitation Excerpt :There is a corresponding low cortical signal on T1-weighted images (Fig 4F). Although DWI is dependent on both the diffusivity of water and intrinsic T2 properties of the tissue, the ADC map is not influenced by T2 characteristics.19,20 Therefore, hyperintensity on DWI changes minimally in the first few days, even after the diffusivity is increased by way of vasogenic edema.
MRI evaluation and safety in the developing brain
2015, Seminars in PerinatologyCitation Excerpt :The entire incubator is transported from the NICU to the radiology department and once in the department the entire incubator is moved from the transport cart to the MRI table without physically manipulating the infant17–21,49,99,154 (Fig. 4). Incubators designed with integrated RF coils are commercially available for adult-sized MRI systems, at both 1.5-T and 3-T field strengths; however, despite the presence of an incubator, the logistics of transportation and stability of the neonate can in some cases preclude scanning of the smallest, sickest children.2,17,20,21,25,26,289,321,344,349 The FDA has approved MR conditional incubators and monitored systems to ensure that the systems being used are able to maintain consistent, reliable, and effective monitoring, as well as respiratory and cardiovascular support throughout the duration of the exam.16
Structural Brain Development: Birth Through Adolescence
2013, Neural Circuit Development and Function in the Healthy and Diseased Brain: Comprehensive Developmental NeuroscienceStructural brain development: Birth through adolescence
2013, Neural Circuit Development and Function in the Heathy and Diseased Brain