Initial Ventilation Strategies During Newborn Resuscitation

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Devices for delivering positive-pressure ventilation

The devices and approaches that have been described most frequently for providing artificial ventilation during newborn resuscitation are as follows:

  • Flow-inflating bags (anesthesia bags). These fill only when a source of compressed gas (oxygen, air, or a mix of the two) is connected. They do not usually have a fixed safety pop/off valve and may be used with or without an attached manometer.

  • Self-inflating bags. These inflate automatically without a compressed gas source and entrain room air if

Search strategy

The literature was reviewed to determine whether there was sufficient evidence to justify specific recommendations with regard to the optimal initial ventilation strategy in term infants. A search was conducted through Medline for articles from 1966 onward, followed by hand-searching review articles and by examining the citations of individual articles (especially for references before 1966). An additional strategy was to search for articles that have referenced a specific article (eg, search

Initial ventilation strategies in preterm infants

There is still uncertainty among clinicians whether the primary aim in the early hours of a preterm infant's life should be to avoid intubation and provide support with nasal CPAP or to intubate electively to provide surfactant therapy before determining what other respiratory support is then appropriate. Whichever approach is preferred, many preterm infants require a period of artificial ventilation during their initial stabilization after birth. It is oversimplistic to consider prematurity as

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