Table 5

Associations between the perinatal activity scores and mortality, survival, with or without major neonatal morbidity and associations between key neonatal and obstetric interventions, and survival.

	Univariate OR (95% CI)	P value	Adjusted OR 95% CI*	P value
Death before 12 hours of life (n=564)
Perinatal activity scores (GA-specific), 5-point increments	0.72 (0.7 to 0.8)	<0.001	0.70 (0.6 to 0.8)	<0.001
GA (22 vs 23 weeks)	0.21 (0.1 to 0.3)	<0.001	0.92 (0.5 to 1.6)	0.77
Birth weight (1 Z-score)	0.92 (0.8 to 1.1)	0.28	0.76 (0.6 to 1.0)	0.05
SGA (yes vs no)	1.3 (0.8 to 2.2)	0.31	1.2 (0.5 to 2.9)	0.66
Sex (female vs male)	0.84 (0.6 to 1.2)	0.37	0.68 (0.4 to 1.1)	0.10
Multiple birth (single vs multiple)	1.2 (0.8 to 1.9)	0.42	1.0 (0.6 to 1.9)	0.90
Death between 13 hours and 1 year (n=428)
Perinatal activity sores (GA-specific), 5-point increments	0.92 (0.8 to 0.9)	0.02	1.0 (0.9 to 1.1)	0.25
GA (23 vs 22 weeks)	0.53 (0.3 to 0.8)	0.005	0.6 (0.4 to 1.0)	0.05
Birth weight (1 Z-score)	1.0 (0.9 to 1.2)	0.89	1.0 (0.8 to 1.2)	0.91
SGA (yes vs no)	1.0 (0.6 to 1.8))	1	0.94 (0.4 to 2.1)	0.88
Sex (female vs male)	0.9 (0.6 to 1.3)	0.49	0.8 (0.6 to 1.3)	0.38
Multiple birth (single vs multiple)	1.1 (0.7 to 1.8)	0.72	1.0 (0.6 to 1.7)	0.94
One-year survival (n=564)
Perinatal activity sores (GA-specific), 5-point increments	1.3 (1.2 to 1.3)	<0.001	1.2 (1.1 to 1.3)	<0.001
GA (23 vs 22 weeks)	3.3 (2.3 to 4.7)	<0.001	1.6 (1.1 to 2.4)	0.05
Birth weight (1 Z-score)	1.0 (0.9 to 1.2)	0.61	1.1 (0.9 to 1.4)	0.31
SGA (yes vs no)	0.9 (0.5 to 1.4)	0.56	0.9 (0.5 to 1.8)	0.77
Sex (female vs male)	1.2 (0.9 to 1.7)	0.28	1.3 (0.9 to 1.9)	0.13
Multiple birth (single vs multiple)	0.9 (0.6 to 1.3)	0.45	0.9 (0.6 to 1.5)	0.72
One-year survival without any major neonatal morbidity in all live births (n=564)
Perinatal activity sores (GA-specific), 5-point increments	1.3 (1.1 to 1.4)	<0.001	1.3 (1.1 to 1.4)	<0.001
GA (23 vs 22 weeks)	2.4 (1.3 to 4.5)	0.007	1.1 (0.5 to 2.2)	0.82
Birth weight (1 Z-score)	1.1 (0.9 to 1.3)	0.52	1.1 (0.8 to 1.4)	0.72
SGA (yes vs no)	0.7 (0.3 to 1.5)	0.35	0.6 (0.2 to 1.9)	0.41
Sex (female vs male)	1.2 (0.7 to 2.1.)	0.41	1.3 (0.8 to 2.3)	0.27
Multiple birth (single vs multiple)	1.0 (0.5 to 1.9)	0.88	1.0 (0.5 to 2.1)	0.93
One-year survival, key obstetric and neonatal interventions (n=564)†
Born at the regional centre (level III care)	3.1 (2.0 to 5.0)	<0.001	1.74 (1.01 to 3.0)	0.04
Antenatal corticosteroids given to mother, any‡	5.0 (3.2 to 8.1)	<0.001	2.2 (1.2 to 3.8)	0.008
Caesarean delivery (yes vs no)	1.5 (1.0 to 2.4)	0.04	1.22 (0.8 to 1.9)	0.40
Intubation at birth (within 30 min of life)	4.4 (2.9 to 6.8)	<0.001	1.7 (0.9 to 2.8)	0.06
Surfactant given within 2 hours of life	4.6 (3.2 to 6.8)	<0.001	2.4 (1.6 to 3.6)	<0.001
Neonatologist present at delivery	2.5 (1.6 to 3.9)	<0.001	1.2 (0.7 to 1.9)	0.56
GA (23 vs 22 weeks)	3.3 (2.3 to 4.7)	<0.001	2.4 (1.6 to 3.7)	<0.001
Birth weight (1 Z-score)	1.0 (0.9 to 1.2)	0.61	1.1 (0.9 to 1.3)	0.45
SGA (yes vs no)	0.9 (0.5 to 1.4)	0.56	1.0 (0.4 to 1.9)	0.91
Sex (female vs male)	1.2 (0.9 to 1.7)	0.28	1.2 (0.9 to 1.8)	0.26
Multiple birth (single vs multiple)	1.2 (0.8 to 1.8)	0.45	1.1 (0.7 to 1.8)	0.59

Calculated using multivariable logistic regression models.
SGA (birth weight <−2 SD).14
*Adjusted ORs obtained after multiple logistic regression analyses adjusted for GA, birth weight, SGA (yes vs no), multiple births and gender.
†In the logistic model, 1-year survival, key obstetric and neonatal interventions, adjusted ORs were obtained after multiple logistic regression analysis adjusted for all the covariates shown in the univariate analysis.
‡Any receipt of antenatal corticosteroids was defined as one or two doses of betamethasone (12 or 24 hours apart).
GA, gestational age; SGA, small for gestational age.