Neonatal morbidities among 1-year infant survivors delivered at 22 and 23 weeks of gestation in 2004–2007, 2014–2016 and 2017–2019
| 22 weeks | 23 weeks | |||||
| T1 2004–2007* | T2 2014–2016 | T3 2017–2019 | T1 2004–2007* | T2 2014–2016 | T3 2017–2019 | |
| Intraventricular haemorrhage, grade 3 or 4 | 1/5 (20) | 4/29 (14) | 3/31 (10) | 10/52 (19) | 11/89 (12) | 14/77 (18) |
| ROP, stage 3–5 | 4/5 (80) | 21/29 (72) | 17/31 (55) | 34/53 (64) | 53/91 (58) | 44/77 (58) |
| ROP, laser-treated | 4/5 (80) | 13/28 (46) | 15/31 (48) | 23/53 (43) | 30/91 (33) | 26/77 (34) |
| Cystic periventricular leucomalacia | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5/53 (9.4) | 1/91 (1) | 3/77 (4) |
| Late-onset sepsis | 3/5 (60) | 16/29 (55) | 19/31 (61) | 41/53 (72) | 39/91 (43) | 41/77 (54) |
| Surgical NEC | 0 | 2/29 (7) | 1/31 (7) | 1/52 (2) | 8/91 (9) | 7/77 (5) |
| Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (severe)† | 2/5 (40) | 10/29 (35) | 9/31 (29) | 12/53 (23) | 21/91 (23) | 17/77 (22) |
| Postnatal steroids for lung disease | 3/5 (60) | 17/29 (59) | 20/31 (65) | 31/52 (60) | 52/91 (57) | 47/77 (61) |
| Days of mechanical ventilation, median (range), days | 42 (17–96) | 45 (16–126) | 46 (22–202) | 24 (1–134) | 32 (6–378) | 34 (0–295) |
| Length of stay in neonatal care, median (min–max), days‡§ | 138 (136–186) | 154 (92–302) | 129 (82–423) | 133 (98–258) | 135 (78–378) | 113 (58–378)¶ |
Data are presented as n (%) unless otherwise indicated.
*Data are from Fellman et al. 10
†Severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia, defined as treatment with ≥30% oxygen at 36 weeks+0 days of postmenstrual age.
‡Length of stay in neonatal care before discharge home.
§Data for full length of stay are missing on few infants (22 weeks, T2, n=2; 23 weeks, T3, n=1). These infants were transferred to other units for long-term intensive care (infants with long-term need of invasive respiratory care-tracheotomised infants). SNQ register lacked information on length of stay until discharge home on these infants.
¶P<0.001 for pairwise adjusted comparisons with the T2 (2014–2016).
NEC, necrotising enterocolitis; NICU, neonatal intensive care unit; ROP, retinopathy of prematurity; SNQ, Swedish Neonatal Quality Register.