Table 1

Characteristics of included studies

Study name	Setting	Participants analysed	Threshold for selective surfactant (%)	Primary outcome	Gestational age range (weeks)	Female gender (%)	Antenatal steroids (any) (%)	Surfactant type	Surfactant dose	Ventilation	Dropouts
Kattwinkel et al 29	8 centres, USA	1248	30	Moderate RDS*	29–33	47	No info	Bovine Infasurf	150 mg/dose	Both	150
Rojas et al 33	8 centres, Columbia	279	30	Need for MV	27–32	49	86	Bovine Survanta	100 mg/kg	CPAP	0
Walti et al 35	12 centres, France	256	30	Survival without BPD at 28 days	25–31	46	15	Porcine Curosurf	200 mg/kg	Intubation	32
Bevilacqua et al 22	2 centres: Italy and Bulgaria	93	40	Mortality Grade 3, 4 IVH	26–30	54	29	Porcine Curosurf	200 mg/kg	Both	0
Dilmen et al 24	6 centres, Turkey	159	40	Necessity for MV	25–30	55	65	Porcine Curosurf	200 mg/kg	CPAP	0
Kendig et al 30	3 centres, USA	479	40	Survival to discharge	<30	45	31	Bovine Self-prepared	90 mg/dose	Intubation	0
Lefort et al 31	1 centre, Brazil	75	40	Ventilatory parameters	<34	45	No info	Porcine Curosurf	100 mg/kg	Both	0
Sandri et al 34	Multicentre, Europe	208	40	MV in first 5 days	25–29	47	97	Porcine Curosurf	200 mg/kg	CPAP	0
Finer et al 27	Multicentre, USA	1316	50	Death/BPD at 36 weeks CGA	24–28	46	96	Individual unit protocol	Unit protocol	CPAP	0
Kandraju et al 28	1 centre, India	153	50	Need for MV in first week of life	28–34	49	94	Porcine (Curosurf) or bovine (Survanta)	100 mg/kg	CPAP	0
Merritt et al 32	3 centres, USA and Finland	148	50	Mortality BPD	24–29	43	4	Human Self-prepared	70 mg/kg	Intubation	98†
de Winter et al 23	2 centres, Holland	81	60	TcPO₂ and FiO₂ at 6 hrs	26–30	48	44	Porcine Curosurf	200 mg/kg	Intubated	0
Dunn et al 25	27 centres: USA and Canada	656	60	Death/BPD at 36 weeks CGA	26–30	49	99	Individual unit protocol	Unit protocol	Both	8
Egberts et al 26	4 centres: Sweden and Holland	147	60%	TcPO₂ and FiO₂ at 6 hours	26–30	60	29	Porcine Curosurf	200 mg/kg	Intubated	2

*Moderate RDS defined as mean airway pressure ≥8 cmH₂O or FiO₂ ≥40%.
†Including 52 patients in placebo group not included in this analysis.
BPD, bronchopulmonary dysplasia; CGA, corrected gestational age; CPAP, continuous positive airway pressure; FiO₂, fraction of inspired oxygen; IVH, Intraventricular haemorrhage; MV, mechanical ventilation; RDS, respiratory distress syndrome; TcPO₂, transcutaneous oxygen tension.