Characteristic | No ICC (n=92) | ICC (n=82) | Mean difference (95% CI) | P value |
Gestational age (weeks), mean (SD) | 38.7 (2.1) | 36.4 (3.0) | 2.4 (1.6 to 3.1) | <0.001 |
Birth weight (g), mean (SD) | 3293 (642) | 2841 (737) | 453 (246 to 659) | <0.001 |
Apgar score at 5 min, median (IQR) | 8 (7–9) | 9 (8–9) | NA | 0.02 |
Age at time of pneumothorax diagnosis (hours), median (IQR) | 4 (1.5–21.0) | 22 (6–32) | NA | <0.001 |
FiO2 administered,* median % (IQR) | 35 (29–47) | 45 (30–60) | NA | 0.003 |
Most recent blood pH at time of retrieval team arrival, median (IQR) | 7.29 (7.20–7.35) | 7.27 (7.19–7.33) | NA | 0.23 |
Most recent blood pCO2 at time of retrieval team arrival, median (IQR) | 47 (39–61) | 51 (46.2–62.9) | NA | 0.02 |
Duration of stabilisation (hours), median (IQR) | 1.4 (1–2) | 2.6 (1.8–3.2) | NA | <0.001 |
Duration of travel (hours), median (IQR) | 1 (0.6–1.6) | 1 (0.6–1.8) | NA | 0.89 |
OR
(95% CI) | P value | |||
Sex, male, n (%) | 56 (61) | 56 (69) | 1.4 (0.7 to 2.6) | 0.34 |
IPPVat birth,† n (%) | 36 (52) | 20 (36) | 0.5 (0.25 to 1.1) | 0.10 |
Underlying lung disease, n (%) | ||||
Any lung disease | 37 (40.2) | 58 (70.7) | 3.6 (1.9 to 6.7) | <0.001 |
Hyaline membrane disease | 20 (21.7) | 48 (58.5) | 5.1 (2.6 to 9.8) | <0.001 |
Transient tachypnoea of newborn | 10 (10.9) | 4 (4.9) | 0.4 (0.13 to 1.3) | 0.17 |
Meconium aspiration syndrome | 5 (5.4) | 5 (6.1) | 0.7 (0.2 to 2.5) | 0.75 |
Pulmonary hypoplasia | 1 (1.1) | 0 (0) | NA | NA |
Congenital pneumonia | 0 (0) | 1 (1.2) | NA | NA |
Other | 1 (1.1) | 0 (0) | NA | NA |
Respiratory support mode | ||||
Any respiratory support | 77 (83.7) | 80 (97.6) | 7.8 (1.6 to 36.9) | 0.002 |
Environmental oxygen | 17 (18.5) | 8 (9.8) | 0.5 (0.2 to 1.2) | 0.10 |
Low-flow nasal prongs | 2 (2.2) | 2 (2.4) | 1.1 (0.2 to 6.5) | 1 |
HFNP | 2 (2.2) | 3 (3.7) | 1.7 (0.3 to 10.6) | 0.56 |
CPAP | 48 (52.2) | 37 (45.1) | 0.8 (0.4 to 1.4) | 0.35 |
MV | 8 (8.7) | 30 (36.6) | 6.1 (2.4 to 15.0) | <0.001 |
MS on chest X-ray,‡ n (%) | 25 (33.8) | 37 (72.6) | 4.9 (2.3 to 10.7) | <0.001 |
Prior needle aspiration | 40 (43.5) | 55 (67.1) | 2.6 (1.4 to 4.9) | 0.002 |
Fluid bolus administration | 38 (41.3) | 37 (45.1) | 1.23 (0.7 to 2.2) | 0.54 |
Inotropic support | 4 (4.4) | 8 (9.8) | 2.4 (0.7 to 7.7) | 0.23 |
Distance to referring unit (km),§ n (%) | ||||
0–60 | 67 (72.8) | 51 (62.2) | 0.6 (0.3 to 1.2) | 0.15 |
61–160 | 15 (16.3) | 19 (23.2) | 1.5 (0.7 to 3.2) | 0.34 |
>161 | 10 (10.9) | 12 (14.6) | 1.4 (0.6 to 3.4) | 0.50 |
Mode of transport from referring unit, n (%) | ||||
Road ambulance | 81 (88.0) | 70 (85.4) | 0.8 (0.3 to 1.9) | 0.60 |
Rotary wing | 2 (2.2) | 3 (3.7) | 1.7 (0.3 to 10.6) | 0.56 |
Fixed wing | 9 (9.8) | 9 (11.0) | 1.1 (0.4 to 3.0) | 0.80 |
*Only if on HFNP/CPAP/MV (n=58 no ICC, n=70 with ICC).
†Need for IPPV at birth only documented in 167 neonates (n=91 no ICC, n=76 with ICC).
‡Presence or absence of MS only available for 125 neonates (n=74 no ICC, n=51 with ICC).
§Distance of referring unit defined by straight line distance from Melbourne General Post Office: Metropolitan (<60 km), inner regional (61–160 km) and rural (>161 km).
Apgar, appearance, pulse, grimace, activity and respiration; CPAP, continuous positive airway pressure; FiO2, fraction of inspired oxygen; HFNP, High-Flow Nasal Prongs; ICC, intercostal catheter; IPPV, Intermittent positive pressure ventilation; MS, mediastinal shift; MV, mechanical ventilation; NA, not applicable.