Rate ratios (RR), adjusted for trend over time and seasonal variation, for perinatal activity indicators during the periods of the COVID-19 pandemic compared with the previous 5 years
| Lockdown 1 | Between lockdown 1 and 2 | Lockdown 2 | P value (trend) | Entire pandemic period | ||
| RR (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | P value | ||
| Stillbirths | 1.08 (0.78 to 1.51) | 1.26 (0.97 to 1.65) | 1.29 (0.87 to 1.93) | 0.050 | 1.21 (0.98 to 1.49) | 0.075 |
| Antenatal transfers | 0.74 (0.57 to 0.94) | 0.70 (0.57 to 0.86) | 0.37 (0.24 to 0.56) | <0.001 | 0.64 (0.55 to 0.76) | <0.001 |
| EPT admissions | 0.88 (0.60 to 1.28) | 0.60 (0.42 to 0.85) | 0.81 (0.51 to 1.28) | 0.015 | 0.73 (0.56 to 0.94) | 0.013 |
| HIE admissions | 0.85 (0.50 to 1.45) | 0.81 (0.54 to 1.22) | 0.68 (0.34 to 1.38) | 0.159 | 0.80 (0.57 to 1.11) | 0.181 |
| MAS admissions | 0.79 (0.35 to 1.80) | 1.41 (0.81 to 2.45) | 1.00 (0.35 to 2.85) | 0.434 | 1.15 (0.71 to 1.84) | 0.572 |
| EPT transfers | 1.37 (0.77 to 2.44) | 0.61 (0.32 to 1.15) | 0.86 (0.39 to 1.93) | 0.324 | 0.90 (0.59 to 1.37) | 0.616 |
| HIE transfers | 1.04 (0.45 to 2.40) | 0.94 (0.50 to 1.78) | 0.36 (0.09 to 1.51) | 0.302 | 0.84 (0.50 to 1.44) | 0.534 |
| MAS transfers | 0.92 (0.40 to 2.12) | 1.28 (0.67 to 2.44) | 0.62 (0.14 to 2.62) | 0.926 | 1.05 (0.61 to 1.79) | 0.867 |
Lockdown 1: 23 March 2020 to 14 June 2020; between lockdown 1 and 2: 15 June 2020 to 8 November 2020; lockdown 2: 9 November 2020 to 3 January 2021; entire pandemic period: 23 March 2020 to 3 January 2021.
EPT, extreme preterm (27 weeks of GA); GA, gestational age; HIE, hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (defined as babies 36+ weeks’ GA who received active cooling within 48 hours of delivery); MAS, meconium aspiration syndrome (defined as babies 36+ weeks’ GA who received inhaled nitric oxide within 5 days of delivery).