Table 1

Demographics and clinical manifestations of lactating individuals with COVID-19 infection

Author	Publication date	Country	n=X	Study type	Diagnosis of COVID-19 in individual	Timing of COVID-19 infection	Illness severity	Infant’s age at collection of milk sample	Feeding mode	Infected infants	Timing of milk collection (active infection/convalescent/unknown)
Dong et al 15	March 2020	China	1	Case report	RT-PCR	Antenatal	Mild	<28 days (term baby)	Formula fed	0	Active infection and convalescent
Luo et al 21	June 2020	China	4	Case series	RT-PCR	Antenatal	1 asymptomatic; 3 mild	<28 days (term baby)	Mixed feeding with formula	0	Unknown
Walczak et al 26	July 2020	Australia	1	Case report	RT-PCR	Antenatal	Mild	<28 days (term baby)	Breastfed	0	Unknown
Yu et al 27	August 2020	China	1	Case report	RT-PCR	Postnatal	Mild	13 months old	Breastfed	1	Active infection and convalescent
Lebrão et al 20	August 2020	Brazil	1	Case report	ELISA	Antenatal	Severe	<28 days (term baby)	Breastfed	0	Convalescent
van Keulen et al 25	August 2020	Netherlands	29	Case–control	RT-PCR	Postnatal	Mild	1.5 months old	Not stated	Not stated	Likely active infection and convalescent
Gao et al 19	September 2020	China	14	Case Series	10 by RT-PCR; 4 by ELISA	Antenatal	Mild	<28 days (term baby)	Breastfed	1	Likely active infection
Julia Preßler et al 24	October 2020	Germany	14	Case Series	RT-PCR	Antenatal	Mild	<28 days (Term baby)	Breastfed	0	Unknown
Fenizia et al 17	October 2020	Italy	31	Case-control	RT-PCR	Antenatal	4 severe; 27 mild	<28 days (all term babies except 1 preterm at gestational age of 34+4 weeks)	29 breastfed; 2 formula fed	2	Likely active infection
Peng et al 23	November 2020	China	24	Case Series	RT-PCR	Antenatal	15 mild; 9 asymptomatic	<28 days (7 preterm; 17 term)	14 mixed feeding; 10 formula fed	0	Active infection and convalescent
Favara et al 16	November 2020	UK	1	Case report	RT-PCR	Postnatal	Mild	6 months old	Breastfed	0	Active infection and convalescent
Fox et al 18	November 2020	USA	15	Case series	RT-PCR	2 antenatal; 13 postnatal	Not stated	Data not collected	Not stated	Not stated	Unknown
Pace et al 22	February 2021	USA	18	Case series	RT-PCR	Postnatal	3 asymptomatic; 15 mild	Not stated	5 breastfed; 13 mixed feeds	0	Active infection
Demers-Mathieu et al 28	February 2021	USA	7	Case–control	RT-PCR	Postnatal	7 mild	Not stated	Not stated	Not stated	Convalescent

RT-PCR, reverse transcription PCR.