Comparison of antenatal and delivery characteristics of infants 34–35 weeks GA admitted to neonatal units with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy who received, or died without, TH or did not receive TH
| Variable | Infants at 34–35 weeks GA with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy | ||||
| No TH (n=366)* | Received TH (n=259)* | Missing n (%) | OR (95% CI) | P value† | |
| Antenatal characteristics | |||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 10 (2.7) | 11 (4.2) | 0 | 1.58 (0.66 to 3.78) | 0.30 |
| Gestational diabetes | 21 (5.7) | 20 (7.7) | 0 | 1.37 (0.73 to 2.59) | 0.32 |
| Pre-eclampsia | 51 (13.9) | 25 (9.7) | 0 | 0.66 (0.40 to 1.10) | 0.11 |
| Risk factors of early infection‡ | 98 (26.8) | 64 (24.7) | 0 | 0.90 (0.62 to 1.29) | 0.56 |
| Delivery characteristics | |||||
| Gender (male) | 214 (58.5) | 152 (58.7) | 1 | 1.00 (0.73 to 1.39) | 0.99 |
| GA (weeks) | 35 (34–35) | 35 (34–35) | 0 | 1.92 (1.38 to 2.69) | 0.01 |
| Birth weight (g) | 2250 (2000–2540) | 2344 (2080–2640) | 0 | 1.05 (1.01 to 1.08) | <0.01 |
| >98th centile | 20 (5.5) | 18 (7.0) | 0 | 1.29 (0.67 to 2.50) | 0.44 |
| Intrapartum events§ | 50 (13.7) | 58 (22.4) | 0 | 1.82 (1.19 to 2.77) | <0.001 |
| Apgar 1 min | 3 (1–5) | 1 (0–3) | 30 (4.8) | 0.23 (0.17 to 0.32) | <0.001 |
| Apgar 5 min | 6 (4–8) | 3 (1–5) | 34 (5.4) | 0.18 (0.13 to 0.24) | <0.001 |
| Significant resuscitation¶ | 113 (30.9) | 175 (67.6) | 0 | 4.66 (3.23 to 6.73) | <0.001 |
| Venous cord pH | 7.16 (6.95–7.28) | 7.06 (6.85–7.25) | 226 (36.2) | 0.93 (0.90 to 0.97) | 0.003 |
Data items diabetes mellitus, gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia, risk factors for sepsis, intrapartum events and significant resuscitation variables were collected using a tick box so it was not possible to accurately determine missing data from absence of a characteristic.
*Data are n (%) or median (IQR).
†Categorical data analysed using χ2 test; non-normally distributed continuous data analysed using Mann-Whitney U test.
‡Maternal fever, chorioamnionitis, prolonged rupture of membranes and urinary tract infection.
§Cord prolapse, shoulder dystocia, abruption and reduced fetal movements.
¶Chest compression, intubation and drugs.
GA, gestational age; TH, therapeutic hypothermia.