Comparison of antenatal and delivery characteristics of infants ≥36 weeks GA admitted to neonatal units with moderate/severe HIE who received, or died without, TH or did not receive TH
| Variable | Infants ≥36 weeks GA with moderate/severe HIE | ||||
| No TH (n=3056)* | Received TH (n=5069)* | Missing n (%) | OR (95% CI) | P value† | |
| Antenatal characteristics | |||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 19 (0.6) | 59 (1.2) | 0 | 1.88 (1.12 to 3.16) | 0.02 |
| Gestational diabetes | 110 (3.6) | 186 (3.7) | 0 | 1.02 (0.80 to 1.30) | 0.87 |
| Pre-eclampsia | 167 (5.5) | 233 (4.6) | 0 | 0.24 | |
| Risk factors of early infection‡ | 788 (25.8) | 1116 (22.0) | 0 | 0.81 (0.73 to 0.90) | <0.001 |
| Delivery characteristics | |||||
| Gender (male) | 1824 (59.7) | 2771 (54.7) | 3 (<0.01) | 0.81 (0.74 to 0.89) | <0.001 |
| GA (weeks) | 40 (38–41) | 40 (38–41) | 0 | 0.89 (0.82 to 0.97) | <0.001 |
| Birth weight (g) | 3379 (2980–3780) | 3340 (2950–3760) | 0 | 0.99 (0.98 to 1.00) | 0.06 |
| >98th centile | 173 (5.7) | 289 (5.7) | 0 | 1.01 (0.83 to 1.22) | 0.94 |
| Intrapartum events§ | 238 (7.8) | 629 (12.4) | 0 | 1.68 (1.43 to 1.96) | <0.001 |
| Apgar 1 min | 3 (2–4) | 1 (1–3) | 509 (6.2) | 0.34 (0.31 to 0.37) | <0.001 |
| Apgar 5 min | 6 (5–8) | 4 (2–6) | 503 (6.2) | 0.21 (0.19 to 0.23) | <0.001 |
| Significant resuscitation¶ | 730 (23.9) | 3070 (60.6) | 0 | 4.89 (4.39 to 5.44) | <0.001 |
| Venous cord pH | 7.18 (7.04–7.28) | 7.13 (6.96–7.25) | 2396 (29.5) | 0.94 (0.93 to 0.95) | <0.001 |
Data items diabetes mellitus, gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia, risk factors for sepsis, intrapartum events and significant resuscitation variables were collected using a tick box so it was not possible to accurately determine missing data from absence of a characteristic.
*Data are n (%) or median (IQR).
†Categorical data analysed using χ2 test; non-normally distributed continuous data analysed using Mann-Whitney U test.
‡Maternal fever, chorioamnionitis, prolonged rupture of membranes and urinary tract infection.
§Cord prolapse, shoulder dystocia, abruption and reduced fetal movements.
¶Chest compression, intubation and drugs.
GA, gestational age; HIE, hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy.