EPICure 1995 22–25 weeks | EPICure2 2006 22–25 weeks | (c) versus (a) | (a) versus (b) | (c) versus (d) | EPICure2 2006 22–26 weeks (n=200) | ||||||
EPICure (a) (n=176) | Comparison (b) (n=153) | EPICure2 (c) (n=112) | Comparison (d) (n=143) | Means (95% CI)* | Adjusted (95% CI)*† | Means (95% CI)* | Adjusted (95% CI)*‡ | Means (95% CI)* | Adjusted (95% CI)*‡ | ||
Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | ||||||||
Kaufmann ABC scores | |||||||||||
Mental processing index (MPI) | 83 (18) (n=174) | 104 (11) (n=153) | 81 (19) (n=112) | 103 (12) (n=143) | −1.3 (−5.8 to 3.2) | −0.7 (−5.0 to 3.6) | −21 (−25 to –18)§ | −21 (−25 to –17)** | −22 (−26 to –18)§ | −21 (−25 to –17)§ | 85 (19) (n=200) |
MPI z-score¶ | −1.9 (1.7) | −1.8 (1.6) | 0.1 (−0.3 to 0.5) | 0.2 (−0.2 to 0.6) | −1.9 (−2.3 to –1.6)§ | −1.9 (−2.2 to –1.6)§ | −1.8 (−2.2 to –1.5)§ | −1.8 (−2.1 to –1.4)§ | −1.5 (1.6) (n=200) | ||
WIAT-II Composite Scores | |||||||||||
Reading | 79 (21) (n=171) | 99 (12) (n=153) | 88 (22) (n=108) | 103 (11) (n=140) | 9.1 (3.9 to 14)** | 9.3 (4.2 to 14)§ | −19 (−23 to –16)§ | −18 (−22 to –14)§ | −15 (−19 to –11)§ | −14 (−19 to –10)§ | 92 (21) (n=195) |
Reading z-score | −1.6 (1.7) | −1.3 (2.0) | 0.2 (−0.2 to 0.7) | 0.2 (−0.2 to 0.7) | −1.6 (−1.9 to –1.3)§ | −1.5 (−1.9 to –1.2)‡ | −1.4 (−1.8 to –1.0)§ | −1.3 (−1.7 to –0.9)§ | −1.0 (1.9) (n=195) | ||
Mathematics | 70 (21) (n=173) | 99 (15) (n=153) | 83 (28) (n=110) | 109 (16) (n=139) | 13 (7.2 to 18)§ | 14 (7.9 to 19)§ | −28 (−32 to –24)§ | −27 (−32 to –23)§ | −26 (−32 to –21)§ | −25 (−31 to –20)§ | 87 (27) (n=197) |
Maths z-score | −1.9 (1.4) | −1.6 (1.7) | 0.3 (−0.1 to 0.7) | 0.3 (−0.0 to 0.7) | −1.9 (−2.1 to –1.6)§ | −1.8 (−2.1 to –1.5)§ | −1.6 (−2.0 to –1.3)§ | −1.6 (−1.9 to –1.2)§ | −1.4 (1.7) (n=197) |
WIAT-II:Wechsler Inidividual Achievement Test - Second edition
*Difference in means.
†Multiple linear regression models were used to adjust for gestation, Birthweight z-score, male sex, multiple birth, maternal age and IMD at 11 years.
‡Multiple linear regression models were used to adjust for male sex and IMD at 11 years.
§P<0.001.
¶z-Scores calculated using control group scores as reference to adjust for temporal changes.
**P=0.001.
IMD, Index of Multiple Deprivation.