Neonatal characteristics
| Neonatal characteristics | No prior consent | Informed consent | P value comparing consent groups |
| Birth weight (g), mean (SD) | 804.4 (227.0) | 811.4 (197.2) | 0.451 |
| Gestational age (weeks), mean (SD) | 25.5 (1.2) | 25.7 (1.2) | 0.09 |
| Sex | 0.803 | ||
| Male | 72/133 (54.1%) | 355/668 (53.1%) | |
| Female | 61/133 (45.9%) | 313/668 (46.9%) | |
| Race | 0.911 | ||
| Black | 36/133 (27.1%) | 182/665 (27.4%) | |
| White | 81/133 (60.9%) | 375/665 (56.4%) | |
| Asian or Pacific Islander | 11/133 (8.3%) | 73/665 (11.7%) | |
| Native American | 0% | 2/665 (0.3%) | |
| Other | 5/133 (3.8%) | 28/665 (4.2%) | |
| Multiple births | 26/133 (19.6%) | 133/668 (19.9%) | 0.865 |
| Apgar scores, mean (SD) | |||
| 1 min | 4.4 (2.4) | 5.0 (2.3) | 0.019 |
| 5 min | 6.7 (2.4) | 7.3 (1.8) | 0.025 |
| 10 min | 6.3 (2.7) | 7.5 (2.1) | 0.0002 |
| Temperature °C, mean (SD) | |||
| Baseline axillary | 36. 3 (0.9) | 35.9 (1.0) | 0.0008 |
| Post stabilisation axillary | 36. 6 (0.9) | 36.3 (1.1) | 0.002 |
| Delivery room | 23.6 (2.5) | 23.9 (2.0) | 0.29 |
| Bronchopulmonary dysplasia | 65/117 (55.6%) | 301/585 (51.5%) | 0.417 |
| Retinopathy of prematurity | 16/89 (18.0%) | 99/517 (19.1%) | 0.794 |
| Intraventricular haemorrhage | 18/128 (14.1%) | 72/625 (11.5%) | 0.419 |
| Periventricular leucomalacia | 5/128 (3.91%) | 33/623 (5.30%) | 0.513 |