Family sociodemographic and perinatal factors associated with routine follow-up for children born very preterm, at 5 years of age
| Does child have routine check-ups for children born very preterm at 5 years? | N | No, never | Not anymore | Yes, still | Reference: still in follow-up at 5 years | |||
| No, never | Not anymore | |||||||
| % | % | % | aRRR | 95% CI | aRRR | 95% CI | ||
| Mother’s age at delivery (years) | ||||||||
| ≤24 | 422 | 17.3 | 55.2 | 27.5 | 2.0 | 1.2 to 3.5 | 1.1 | 0.8 to 1.6 |
| 25–34 | 2057 | 9.2 | 63.0 | 27.8 | ref | ref | ||
| ≥35 | 1098 | 6.8 | 67.2 | 26.0 | 0.7 | 0.5 to 1.2 | 1.0 | 0.8 to 1.3 |
| Parity at delivery | ||||||||
| Multiparous | 2156 | 8.3 | 63.6 | 28.1 | ref | ref | ||
| Nulliparous | 1390 | 11.2 | 62.7 | 26.1 | 1.1 | 0.7 to 1.6 | 1.0 | 0.8 to 1.2 |
| Multiple birth | ||||||||
| No (singleton) | 2531 | 10.6 | 62.0 | 27.4 | ref | ref | ||
| Yes (twins or more) | 1056 | 7.5 | 65.4 | 27.1 | 0.5 | 0.3 to 0.9 | 1.0 | 0.7 to 1.2 |
| Mother’s educational level | ||||||||
| Lower (ISCED levels 0–2: lower secondary or lower) | 589 | 13.7 | 58.9 | 27.4 | 2.0 | 1.1 to 3.5 | 0.9 | 0.7 to 1.3 |
| Intermediate (ISCED levels 3–5: upper or post-secondary, non-tertiary or short cycle tertiary) | 1474 | 9.7 | 64.0 | 26.3 | 1.4 | 0.9 to 2.2 | 0.8 | 0.7 to 1.1 |
| Higher (ISCED levels 6–8: bachelor degree or higher) | 1478 | 6.3 | 66.3 | 27.4 | Ref | Ref | ||
| Country of birth | ||||||||
| Native | 2857 | 8.9 | 63.5 | 27.6 | Ref | Ref | ||
| European born | 238 | 7.7 | 63.9 | 28.4 | 0.9 | 0.4 to 2.0 | 0.8 | 0.5 to 1.2 |
| Born outside Europe | 476 | 13.3 | 61.9 | 24.9 | 2.5 | 1.4 to 4.2 | 1.4 | 1.0 to 1.9 |
| GA, completed weeks | ||||||||
| <26 | 305 | 5.5 | 53.9 | 40.6 | 0.2 | 0.1 to 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.2 to 0.5 |
| 26–27 | 657 | 6.0 | 54.2 | 39.9 | 0.2 | 0.1 to 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.4 to 0.6 |
| 28–29 | 937 | 6.3 | 66.1 | 27.6 | 0.3 | 0.2 to 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.6 to 0.9 |
| 30–31 | 1688 | 13.8 | 66.2 | 20.0 | Ref | Ref | ||
| Small for GA** | ||||||||
| <3 centile | 766 | 7.7 | 62.0 | 30.2 | 0.5 | 0.3 to 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.5 to 0.9 |
| 3–9 centile | 417 | 11.0 | 59.3 | 29.6 | 1.0 | 0.6 to 1.6 | 0.7 | 0.5 to 0.9 |
| >10 centile | 2404 | 10.2 | 63.8 | 26.0 | Ref | Ref | ||
| Severe neonatal morbidity†† | ||||||||
| No | 3141 | 10.4 | 63.5 | 26.1 | Ref | Ref | ||
| Yes | 365 | 5.0 | 57.7 | 37.3 | 0.5 | 0.2 to 1.1 | 0.9 | 0.7 to 1.3 |
| Bronchopulmonary dysplasia | ||||||||
| No | 3034 | 10.7 | 64.4 | 24.9 | Ref | Ref | ||
| Yes | 466 | 3.8 | 53.8 | 42.4 | 0.4 | 0.2 to 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.5 to 0.9 |
| Congenital anomaly | ||||||||
| No | 3292 | 9.9 | 62.7 | 27.4 | Ref | Ref | ||
| Yes | 295 | 8.5 | 65.5 | 26.0 | 0.6 | 0.3 to 1.2 | 0.9 | 0.6 to 1.2 |
| Child sex | ||||||||
| Male | 1914 | 10.0 | 59.3 | 30.7 | 0.9 | 0.6 to 1.3 | 0.7 | 0.6 to 0.9 |
| Female | 1673 | 9.4 | 67.1 | 23.5 | Ref | Ref | ||
| Country (region) | (ref sample mean) | (ref sample mean) | ||||||
| Portugal (Lisbon, Northern Region) | 425 | 4.8 | 36.8 | 58.4 | 0.6 | 0.3 to 1.2 | 0.2 | 0.1 to 0.2 |
| Belgium (Flanders) | 259 | 12.8 | 40.5 | 46.7 | 3.6 | 2.0 to 6.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 to 0.4 |
| Netherlands (Central Eastern) | 146 | 6.3 | 52.2 | 41.5 | 1.7 | 0.7 to 4.1 | 0.5 | 0.3 to 0.7 |
| France (Burgundy, Ile-de-France, Northern Region) | 770 | 10.3 | 58.6 | 31.2 | 3.0 | 1.9 to 4.6 | 0.6 | 0.5 to 0.8 |
| Denmark (Eastern Region) | 151 | 10.8 | 62.5 | 26.7 | 6.3 | 2.9 to 13.8 | 0.9 | 0.6 to 1.4 |
| Sweden (Greater Stockholm) | 141 | 2.8 | 70.7 | 26.6 | 1.1 | 0.2 to 6.3 | 1.0 | 0.7 to 1.5 |
| UK (East Midlands, Northern, Yorkshire and the Humber) | 419 | 13.6 | 69.4 | 17.0 | 10.9 | 6.1 to 19.4 | 1.9 | 1.4 to 2.7 |
| Germany (Hesse, Saarland) | 266 | 21.5 | 65.4 | 13.0 | 21.1 | 11.3 to 39.4 | 1.9 | 1.2 to 3.1 |
| Estonia (entire country) | 133 | 0.0 | 87.2 | 12.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 to 0.0 | 2.6 | 1.6 to 4.2 |
| Italy (Emilia-Romagna, Lazio, Marche) | 691 | 4.5 | 83.2 | 12.3 | 4.5 | 2.3 to 8.7 | 2.5 | 1.9 to 3.3 |
| Poland (Wielkopolska) | 186 | 13.4 | 75.7 | 10.9 | 18.9 | 9.4 to 38.3 | 2.9 | 1.8 to 4.8 |
Inverse probability weights after multiple imputation were used for all analyses.
*Using intrauterine charts modelled for the Effective Perinatal Intensive care in Europe cohort.
†Intraventricular haemorrhage grades III and IV, cystic periventricular leucomalacia, retinopathy of prematurity stages III–V or necrotising enterocolitis needing surgery.
aRRR, adjusted relative risk ratio; GA, gestational age; ISCED, International Standard Classification of Education.