Impaired cognitive and executive performance related to the grade of IVH
| Outcome | No IVH | Grade of IVH* | P value† | |||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||
| n=331 | n=80 | n=53 | n=23 | n=12 | ||
| Impaired intellectual ability | ||||||
| IQ score <−2 SD | 41 (12%) | 9 (11%) | 4 (8%) | 5 (22%) | 5 (42%) | 0.08 |
| Impaired executive functioning | ||||||
| GEC ≥65 | 49/309 (16%) | 13/73 (18%) | 7/46 (15%) | 4/22 (18%) | 2/11 (18%) | 0.78 |
| BRI ≥65 | 46/310 (15%) | 12/73 (16%) | 8/46 (17%) | 6/22 (27%) | 2/11 (18%) | 0.21 |
| MI ≥65 | 48/309 (16%) | 19/73 (26%) | 9/46 (20%) | 5/22 (23%) | 3/11 (27%) | 0.10 |
| Impaired academic skills | ||||||
| Any academic skill <−2 SD | 50/311 (16%) | 7/75 (9%) | 8/52 (15%) | 5/21 (24%) | 7/11 (64%) | <0.001 |
| Reading <−2 SD | 32/313 (10%) | 5/75 (7%) | 6/52 (12%) | 4/21 (19%) | 6/11 (55%) | 0.002 |
| Spelling <−2 SD | 21/312 (7%) | 3/75 (4%) | 1/51 (2%) | 3/21 (14%) | 5/11 (45%) | 0.011 |
| Arithmetic <−2 SD | 38/309 (12%) | 5/74 (1%) | 5/52 (10%) | 4/21 (19%) | 5/11 (45%) | 0.09 |
| Motor dysfunction | ||||||
| Any motor dysfunction‡ | 81 (24%) | 22 (28%) | 20/52 (38%) | 10 (43%) | 11 (92%) | <0.001 |
| Cerebral palsy | 26/330 (8%) | 12/80 (15%) | 9/51 (18%) | 6/23 (26%) | 9 (75%) | <0.001 |
| MABC <5th percentile§ | 79/309 (26%) | 21/74 (28%) | 18/47 (38%) | 9/20 (45%) | 11 (92%) | <0.001 |
Data are n (%).
*According to Papile.3
†From χ2 trend.
‡Either cerebral palsy or MABC <5th centile.
§MABC ≤5 for the 2005 cohort.
BRI, Behavioural Regulation Index; GEC, Global Executive Composite; IVH, intraventricular haemorrhage; MABC, Movement Assessment Battery for Children; MI, Metacognition Index.