Cortical surface maturation metrics at term-equivalent age from structural MRI with and without adjustment for known clinical predictors and prediction of Bayley-III cognitive and language scores at 2 years corrected age in very preterm infants
| Predictors | Cortical metrics only | P value | Final models with covariates | P value |
| Coefficients (95% CI) | Coefficients (95% CI) | |||
| Cognitive scores | Adjusted R2 0.34 | Adjusted R2 0.39 | ||
| Surface area of the parietal lobe (R) (cm2) | 0.58 (0.32 to 0.83) | <0.001 | 0.55 (0.27 to 0.83) | <0.001 |
| Curvature of the posterior part of the cingulate gyrus (L)* | −5.75 (−9.78 to −1.72) | 0.006 | −4.68 (−8.64 to 0.71) | 0.021 |
| Curvature of the temporal lobe (L) | −10.32 (−19.63 to −1.01) | 0.030 | −10.21 (−19.33 to −1.09) | 0.029 |
| Socioeconomic status | 7.37 (1.63 to 13.11) | 0.013 | ||
| Gestational age | −0.43 (−1.86 to 1.00) | 0.548 | ||
| Male sex | −1.11 (−6.92 to 4.69) | 0.703 | ||
| Global injury score on structural MRI | −1.00 (−2.43 to 0.43) | 0.168 | ||
| Language scores | Adjusted R2 0.35 | Adjusted R2 0.40 | ||
| Curvature of the superior temporal gyrus (L) | −10.17 (−15.17 to 5.17) | <0.001 | −8.59 (−13.64 to −3.54) | 0.001 |
| Curvature of the insula (L) | −17.46 (−25.65 to −9.26) | <0.001 | −15.02 (−23.08 to −6.96) | <0.001 |
| Surface area of the parietal lobe (L) (cm2) | 0.50 (0.20 to 0.79) | 0.001 | 0.38 (0.06 to 0.70) | 0.021 |
| Socioeconomic status | 7.06 (0.57 to 13.56) | 0.034 | ||
| Gestational age | 0.93 (−0.69 to 2.56) | 0.255 | ||
| Male sex | −3.22 (−9.89 to 3.45) | 0.338 | ||
| Global injury score on structural MRI | −0.33 (−1.95 to 1.29) | 0.685 |
*Curvature is a unitless metric that ranges from +1 to −1.