Crude and adjusted standardised prevalence ratios for neurodevelopmental outcomes at 2 years corrected age by country: compared with overall EPICE cohort
| Country (region(s)) | SPR* (95% CI) | SPR† (95% CI) | SPR‡ (95% CI) | |||
| Neurodevelopmental impairment | ||||||
| Belgium (Flanders) | 1.14 | (0.90 to 1.41) | 1.14 | (0.90 to 1.44) | 1.23 | (0.95 to 1.58) |
| Denmark (Eastern region) | 1.04 | (0.72 to 1.39) | 1.14 | (0.79 to 1.55) | 1.30 | (0.87 to 1.76) |
| Estonia (whole country) | 0.75 | (0.43 to 1.10) | 0.70 | (0.40 to 1.06) | 0.71 | (0.43 to 1.06) |
| Germany (Hesse, Saarland) | 0.82 | (0.63 to 1.04) | 0.84 | (0.65 to 1.07) | 0.82 | (0.62 to 1.05) |
| Italy (Emilia, Lazio, Marche) | 0.96 | (0.80 to 1.17) | 0.96 | (0.80 to 1.20) | 1.06 | (0.87 to 1.31) |
| The Netherlands (East-Central) | 0.60 | (0.39 to 0.83) | 0.67 | (0.44 to 0.94) | 0.65 | (0.42 to 0.93) |
| Poland (Wielkopolska) | 1.53 | (1.19 to 1.92) | 1.36 | (1.06 to 1.74) | 1.17 | (0.90 to 1.47) |
| Portugal (Lisbon, Northern) | 0.98 | (0.79 to 1.22) | 0.94 | (0.74 to 1.16) | 0.99 | (0.78 to 1.24) |
| UK (East Midlands,orkshire) | 1.24 | (1.03 to 1.49) | 1.27 | (1.05 to 1.57) | 1.15 | (0.95 to 1.41) |
| Sweden (Stockholm region) | 1.20 | (0.88 to 1.57) | 1.16 | (0.81 to 1.55) | 1.11 | (0.79 to 1.50) |
| Neurosensory impairment | ||||||
| Belgium (Flanders) | 1.01 | (0.56 to 2.33) | 0.93 | (0.50 to 3.44) | 1.17 | (0.66 to 3.74) |
| Denmark (Eastern region) | 0.49 | (0.13 to 1.05) | 0.57 | (0.15 to 1.84) | 0.68 | (0.00 to 2.11) |
| Estonia (whole country) | 1.31 | (0.64 to 3.06) | 1.37 | (0.68 to 4.75) | 1.39 | (0.76 to 4.11) |
| Germany (Hesse, Saarland) | 1.42 | (1.00 to 3.89) | 1.57 | (1.07 to 5.48) | 1.89 | (1.25 to 6.54) |
| Italy (Emilia, Lazio, Marche) | 1.20 | (0.85 to 3.26) | 1.19 | (0.83 to 4.00) | 1.29 | (0.88 to 3.75) |
| The Netherlands (East-Central) | 0.67 | (0.23 to 1.50) | 0.73 | (0.24 to 2.34) | 0.63 | (0.22 to 2.08) |
| Poland (Wielkopolska) | 1.98 | (1.18 to 4.63) | 1.74 | (0.97 to 5.62) | 1.08 | (0.63 to 3.05) |
| Portugal (Lisbon, Northern) | 0.67 | (0.38 to 1.87) | 0.67 | (0.38 to 2.38) | 0.77 | (0.43 to 2.54) |
| UK (East Midlands, Yorkshire) | 1.75 | (1.29 to 5.18) | 1.79 | (1.27 to 6.32) | 1.55 | (1.13 to 4.38) |
| Sweden (Stockholm region) | 0.55 | (0.14 to 1.27) | 0.45 | (0.00 to 1.11) | 0.42 | (0.00 to 1.06) |
| Cognitive impairment | ||||||
| Belgium (Flanders) | 1.25 | (0.99 to 1.56) | 1.27 | (1.00 to 1.61) | 1.34 | (1.03 to 1.73) |
| Denmark (Eastern region) | 1.00 | (0.68 to 1.37) | 1.11 | (0.73 to 1.52) | 1.26 | (0.82 to 1.73) |
| Estonia (whole country) | 0.68 | (0.35 to 0.99) | 0.63 | (0.33 to 0.95) | 0.63 | (0.33 to 0.94) |
| Germany (Hesse, Saarland) | 0.78 | (0.58 to 1.00) | 0.80 | (0.59 to 1.03) | 0.76 | (0.55 to 0.98) |
| Italy (Emilia, Lazio, Marche) | 0.95 | (0.80 to 1.15) | 0.94 | (0.77 to 1.15) | 1.04 | (0.84 to 1.29) |
| The Netherlands (East-Central) | 0.61 | (0.40 to 0.87) | 0.70 | (0.46 to 1.01) | 0.63 | (0.43 to 1.00) |
| Poland (Wielkopolska) | 1.63 | (1.26 to 2.05) | 1.44 | (1.11 to 1.84) | 1.29 | (0.99 to 1.66) |
| Portugal (Lisbon, Northern) | 0.98 | (0.78 to 1.23) | 0.92 | (0.73 to 1.15) | 0.94 | (0.75 to 1.17) |
| UK (East Midlands, Yorkshire) | 1.14 | (0.92 to 1.41) | 1.17 | (0.91 to 1.46) | 1.08 | (0.84 to 1.35) |
| Sweden (Stockholm region) | 1.33 | (0.98 to 1.74) | 1.28 | (0.91 to 1.71) | 1.23 | (0.88 to 1.66) |
*Empty model.
†Mother’s age, native, parity, multiple, prom, eclampsia, antenatal steroids and mother's education.
‡As1 plus week’s gestational age, small for gestational age, sex, apgar and any neonatal morbidity (as listed in table 2) plus severe congenital anomaly.
EPICE, Effective Perinatal Intensive Care in Europe; SPR, standardised prevalence ratio.