For children included in analysis of outcomes to discharge and outcome at 2 years, characteristics at entry and outcomes to discharge
| Included in analysis of outcomes to discharge | Included in analysis of outcomes at 2 years | |||
| Clamp ≥2 min | Clamp ≤20 s | Clamp ≥2 min | Clamp ≤20 s | |
| n=135 (%) | n=134 (%)* | n=115 (%) | n=102 (%)* | |
| Women’s age (years) mean (SD) | 30.5 (6.3) | 29.4 (6.7) | 30.1 (5.8) | 29.8 (6.6) |
| Gestation at birth (weeks) | ||||
| Median (25th, 75th centile) | 29 (27.1, 30.7) | 29.1 (27.6, 30.4) | 29 (27.1, 30.7) | 29 (27.0, 30.3) |
| Two-stage consent pathway | 36 (27) | 37 (28) | 30 (26) | 31 (30) |
| Twin pregnancy | 12 (9) | 20 (15) | 10 (9) | 14 (14) |
| Caesarean delivery | 86 (64) | 73 (54) | 74 (64) | 56 (55) |
| Baby sex | ||||
| Male | 71 (53) | 72 (54) | 58 (50) | 60 (59) |
| For live births | n=134 | n=132 | n=114 | n=100 |
| Any IVH (grade 1–4) | 43 (32) | 47 (36) | 36 (32) | 35 (35) |
| Severe IVH (grade 3 or 4) | 6 (4) | 7 (5) | 4 (4) | 5 (5) |
| Periventricular leucomalacia | 7 (5) | 8 (6) | 6 (5) | 5 (5) |
| Blood transfusion | 63 (47) | 68 (52) | 53 (46) | 58 (58) |
| Jaundice requiring treatment | 123 (92) | 120 (91) | 105 (92) | 89 (89) |
| Chronic lung disease† | 40 (31) | 39 (33) | 31 (28) | 31 (35) |
| Ventilation | 100 (75) | 103 (78) | 84 (74) | 80 (80) |
| Necrotising enterocolitis | 8 (6) | 5 (4) | 7 (6) | 4 (4) |
| Sepsis‡ | 72 (54) | 80 (61) | 59 (52) | 63 (63) |
| Treatment for patent ductus arteriosis | 20 (15) | 20 (15) | 15 (13) | 19 (19) |
| Duration of hospital stay (nights)§ | ||||
| Median (25th, 75th centile) | 57 (39, 85) | 57 (37, 75) | 57 (38, 80) | 60 (40, 83) |
| Receiving mother’s breast milk at discharge§¶ | 71 (55) | 68 (57) | 61 (56) | 55 (63) |
*One woman withdrew (outcome data reported only for death before discharge).
†For babies surviving to 36 weeks postmenstrual age. n=129 clamping ≥2 min, n=120 clamping ≤20 s for all children and n=109, n=88 respectively for children included in analysis at 2 years.
‡Clinical sepsis defined as positive culture and ≥5 days antibiotics or negative culture and ≥5 days antibiotics.
§For babies alive at discharge n=128 clamping ≥2 min, n=120 clamping ≤20 s for all children and n=108, n=88 respectively for children included in analysis at 2 years.
¶Receiving breast milk at discharge not known for three babies in the clamp cord ≥2 min group (two included in analysis at 2 years) and one baby in clamp cord ≤20 s group (not included in analysis at 2 years).
IVH, intraventricular haemorrhage.