Reason for failure of nCPAP
| Group | Control | Nebulised surfactant | ||
| Gestation (weeks) | 290–316 | 320–336 | 290–316 | 320–336 |
| ↑FiO2>0.35 | 7 | 1 | 6 | 0 |
| Apnoea/Bradycardia | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| ↓pH or ↑PaCO2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Both ↑FiO2 and ↑PaCO2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Clinician decision | 4 | 5 | 5 | 1 |
FiO2, fractional inspired oxygen; nCPAP, nasal continuous positive airway pressure; PaCO2, partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood.