Secondary outcomes
| Controls (n=32) | Nebulised surfactant (n=32) | Relative risk (95% CI) | P values | |
| nCPAP failures remaining intubated at: | ||||
| 24 hours, n/nintub (%) | 7/17 (41.1) | 6/8 (75.0) | 1.8 (0.9 to 3.6) | |
| 72 hours, n/nintub (%) | 2/22 (9.1) | 4/13 (30.7) | 3.4 (0.7 to 16.0) | |
| 7 days, n/nintub (%) | 0/22 (0.0) | 0/13 (0.0) | – | |
| Age at intubation for nCPAP failure, hours | 4.9 (2.7–10.6) | 11.6 (9.0–31.1) | 0.008* | |
| Total MV duration, hours | ||||
| Overall | 9.0 (0.0–19.6) | 0.0 (0.0–18.4) | 0.163 | |
| Intubated only | 14.6 (9.0–24.8) | 25.4 (14.6–42.2) | 0.029* | |
| Duration of any MV or nCPAP, days | 3.3 (1.8–10.7) | 6.2 (2.6–15.4) | 0.251 | |
| Total surfactant dose, mg/kg | 300 (0–300) | 294 (200–503) | 0.070 | |
| Pneumothorax, n (%) | 2 (6.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.2 (0.01 to 4.3) | |
| Any air leak, n (%) | 2 (6.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.2 (0.01 to 4.3) | |
| BPD, n (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | – | |
| NEC, n (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | – | |
| IVH grade III/IV, n (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | – | |
Absolute values indicate n (%) or median (IQR).
*Indicates significant result.
BPD, bronchopulmonary dysplasia; IVH, intraventricular haemorrhage; MV, mechanical ventilation; nCPAP, nasal continuous positive airway pressure; NEC, necrotising enterocolitis.