Table 1

Study characteristics

	Romagnoli et al		Scanlon et al		Steer et al			Gray et al		Mohammed et al		McPherson et al
Year	1992		1992		2003			2011		2015		2015
Continent	EU		EU		AUS			AUS		AF		NA
	High	Standard	High	Standard	High	Med	Standard	High	Standard	High	Standard	High	Standard
LD caffeine-citrate (mg/kg)	10	10	50	25	60	30	6	80	20	40	20	80*	30*
MD caffeine-citrate (mg/kg/day)	5	2.5	12	6	30	15	3	20	5	20	10	10	10
Route	PO	PO	PO	PO	PO/IV	PO/IV	PO/IV	NR	NR	PO/IV	PO/IV	IV	IV
N	13	10	14	16	45	40	42	120	126	60	60	37	37
Duration int (days)	18.4	15.1	NR	NR	7	7	7	>7	>7	27.6	31.1	1.5	1.5
Male (%)	NR	NR	50	56	51	40	43	48	67	65	55	51	65
GA (weeks)	29.9	29.2	28.2	28.7	28.8	28.4	28	27.3	27.5	29.4	29.8	26.3	26.8
BW (g)	1237	1140	1200	1140	1090	1230	1160	1051	1032	1220	1283	872	949
Age at start (days)	NR	NR	6	5.6	4.4	3.8	3.5	NR	NR	2.5	2.7	<1	<1
RDS (%)	NR	NR	NR	NR	96	95	93	76	83	NR	NR	NR	NR
Surf (%)	NR	NR	NR	NR	82	75	71	76	85	32	37	100	100
Ant CS (%)	NR	NR	NR	NR	85	80	78	63	63	35	40	70	73

*Loading dose administered over a 36-hour period.
AF, Africa; Ant CS, antenatal corticosteroids; AUS, Australia; BW, mean birth weight; Duration int, duration of intervention; EU, Europe; GA, mean gestational age; IV, intravenous; MD, maintenance dose; Med, medium high dose; N, number of inclusions; NA, North-America; NR, not reported; PO, per os; RDS, respiratory distress syndrome; Surf, surfactant therapy.