Intervention: others | Outcome | N studies | N patients | Events | Control group | RR | 95% CI |
Azithromycin vs placebo45 | Death/BPD | 3 | 363 | 106/186 | 118/177 | 0.86 | 0.77 to 0.97 |
BPD | 3 | 310 | 81/161 | 90/149 | 0.83 | 0.71 to 0.97 | |
Vitamin A intramuscular vs placebo53 | Death/BPD | 3 | 935 | 222/469 | 248/466 | 0.90 | 0.81 to 1.01 |
BPD | 4 | 886 | 190/442 | 224/444 | 0.85 | 0.74 to 0.98 | |
Caffeine vs placebo48 | BPD | 1 | 2006 | 350/1006 | 447/1000 | 0.64* | 0.52 to 0.78 |
Caffeine vs placebo49 | FVC z-score <5th centile | 1 | 142 | 8/74 | 19/68 | 0.31* | 0.12 to 0.77 |
Caffeine vs placebo50 Early—postnatal days ≤3 | BPD | 1 | 822 | 111/396 | 190/426 | 0.48* | 0.36 to 0.65 |
Caffeine vs placebo50 Late—postnatal days>3 | BPD | 1 | 1095 | 239/567 | 257/528 | 0.77* | 0.61 to 0.98 |
Early vs late caffeine51 | Death/BPD | 1 | 29 070 | 3681/14 535 | 4591/14 5365 | 0.74* | 0.69 to 0.80 |
Exclusive formula vs exclusive breastmilk56 | BPD | 1 | 462 | n.p. | n.p. | 2.56* | 1.33 to 5.04 |
Exclusive breastmilk57 | BPD | 1 | 254 | n.p. | n.p. | 0.91* | 0.82 to 0.99 |
↵*OR.
BPD, bronchopulmonary dysplasia; FVC, forced vital capacity; n.p., not provided; RR, relative risk.