Table 1

Summary of randomised controlled trial data on the effects of various respiratory support strategies on death and/or BPD (including selected complications)

Intervention: different modes of respiratory support	Outcome	N studies	N patients	Intervention group	Control group	RR	95% CI
NCPAP vs MV13	Death/BPD	4	2782	532/1296	641/1486	0.91	0.84 to 0.99
	BPD	4	2536	383/1182	461/1354	0.91	0.82 to 1.01
NCPAP±LISA vs MV± INSURE14	Death/BPD	4	3289	614/1552	737/1737	0.83	0.71 to 0.96
NCPAP+LISA vs MV±INSURE15	Death/BPD	6	895	90/447	121/448	0.75	0.59 to 0.94
	BPD	6	814	56/410	77/404	0.72	0.53 to 0.97
NCPAP+LISA vs MV16	Death/BPD	1	189	n.p.	n.p.	0.49*	0.30 to 0.79
INSURE vs MV16	Death/BPD	2	419	n.p.	n.p.	0.71*	0.50 to 0.98
NCPAP vs MV16	Death/BPD	3	2085	n.p.	n.p.	0.58*	0.35 to 0.93
NIPPV vs NCPAP16	Death/BPD	5	775	n.p.	n.p.	0.82*	0.53 to 1.24
NIPPV vs NCPAP17	BPD	9	899	60/450	77/449	0.78	0.58 to 1.06
sNIPPV vs NCPAP18	BPD	3	181	26/93	38/88	0.64	0.44 to 0.95
VTV vs pressure-limited MV22	Death/BPD	4	224	53/114	67/110	0.79	0.62 to 1.01
	BPD	9	909	74/325	102/295	0.68	0.53 to 0.87
	PVL/grade 3–4 IVH	6	441	17/227	35/214	0.47	0.27 to 0.80
VTV vs pressure-limited MV23	BPD	9	596	58/310	89/286	0.61	0.46 to 0.82
	Grade 3–4 IVH	11	707	n.p.	n.p.	0.55	0.39 to 0.79
HFOV vs pressure-limited MV25	Death/BPD	17	3329	678/1659	756/1679	0.90	0.84 to 0.97
	BPD	17	2768	421/1392	485/1394	0.86	0.78 to 0.96
	Air leaks	13	2854	392/1615	337/1439	1.19	1.05 to 1.34
Early vs delayed surfactant for respiratory distress syndrome10	Death/BPD	3	3040	447/1519	543/1531	0.83	0.75 to 0.91
	BPD	3	3040	117/1519	170/1531	0.69	0.55 to 0.87

↵*OR.
BPD, bronchopulmonary dysplasia; HFOV, high frequency oscillatory ventilation; INSURE, intubate, surfactant, extubate; IVH, intraventricular haemorrhage; LISA, less-invasive surfactant administration; MV, mechanical ventilation; NCPAP, nasal continuous positive airway pressure; n.p., not provided; PVL, periventricular leucomalacia; RR, relative risk; sNIPPV, synchronised nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation; VTV, volume-targeted ventilation.