Results of all outcomes studied
| Outcome | Studies | Participants | LISA events/N | Controls events/N | Effect estimate RR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Death or BPD at 36 weeks | 6 | 895 | 90/447 | 121/448 | 0.75 (0.59 to 0.94)* |
| BPD at 36 weeks in survivors | 6 | 814 | 56/410 | 77/404 | 0.72 (0.53 to 0.97)* |
| Mortality | 6 | 895 | 37/447 | 44/448 | 0.85 (0.48 to 1.52) |
| Mechanical ventilation within 72 hours | 4 | 464 | 53/232 | 74/232 | 0.71 (0.53 to 0.96)* |
| Mechanical ventilation anytime | 3 | 631 | 156/315 | 234/316 | 0.66 (0.47 to 0.93)* |
| Pneumothorax | 5 | 854 | 23/426 | 38/428 | 0.61 (0.37 to 1.02)** |
| PDA requiring treatment | 5 | 857 | 153/428 | 146/429 | 1.02 (0.89 to 1.17) |
| IVH ≥stage 2 | 4 | 721 | 30/362 | 45/359 | 0.69 (0.40 to 1.17) |
| NEC stage ≥2† | 4 | 767 | 28/381 | 33/386 | 0.91 (0.56 to 1.47) |
| ROP >stage 2‡ | 5 | 857 | 13/428 | 13/429 | 1.13 (0.31 to 4.10) |
| Surfactant reflux | 3 | 426 | 42/213 | 16/213 | 2.52 (1.47 to 4.31)* |
| PVL | 3 | 521 | 10/262 | 14/259 | 0.84 (0.21 to 3.35) |
| Need for >1 dose of surfactant§ | 4 | 464 | 64/232 | 59/232 | 1.07 (0.80 to 1.44) |
| Failure of procedure on the first attempt | 4 | 572 | 56/289 | 54/283 | 0.97 (0.58 to 1.63) |
| Pulmonary haemorrhage | 3 | 631 | 10/315 | 16/316 | 0.63 (0.29 to 1.37) |
*p<0.05; **p=0.06.
†Göpel et al27 and Kribs et al32 present data only for the surgical cases.
‡Göpel et al27 and Kribs et al32 present data only for ROP needing treatment.
§Kribs et al32 not included here as data are not provided in the required format; however, median dose of surfactant is same in both groups.
BPD, bronchopulmonary dysplasia; IVH, intraventricular haemorrhage; LISA, less invasive surfactant administration; NEC, necrotising enterocolitis; PDA, patent ductus arteriosus; PVL, periventricular leukomalacia; ROP, retinopathy of prematurity; RR, risk ratio.