Term-born controls | All preterm-born children | p Value term-born vs all preterm-born | Preterm-born no-IUGR | Preterm-born IUGR | p Value No-IUGR vs IUGR | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | 88 | 88 | 65 | 23 | ||
FVC % pred* | 95.0 (10.2) | 91.0 (11.8) | 0.02 | 92.4 (12.3) | 88.3 (6.4) | 0.05 |
FEV1% pred* | 94.9 (10.1) | 86.4 (11.8) | <0.001 | 88.1 (12.2) | 82.3 (7.8) | 0.01 |
FEV1/FVC % pred* | 98.9 (7.3) | 94.7 (7.8) | <0.001 | 94.9 (8.3) | 92.6 (6.1) | 0.2 |
MEF50% pred* | 97.4 (23.1) | 78.7 (20.0) | <0.001 | 81.3 (20.5) | 69.9 (15.7) | 0.02 |
FVC Z-score† | −0.01 (0.86) | −0.44 (0.97) | 0.003 | −0.34 (1.04) | −0.73 (0.71) | 0.05 |
FEV1 Z-score† | 0.16 (1.00) | −0.67 (1.07) | <0.001 | −0.52 (1.11) | −1.11 (0.81) | 0.02 |
FEV1/FVC Z-score† | 0.26 (1.07) | −0.44 (1.13) | <0.001 | −0.31 (1.20) | −0.78 (0.83) | 0.09 |
MMEF Z-score† | −0.04 (1.09) | −1.05 (1.05) | <0.001 | −0.87 (1.09) | −1.55 (0.77) | 0.007 |
DLCO % pred | 93.7 (12.0) | 87.6 (13.9) | 0.005 | 90.1 (13.2) | 80.9 (13.3) | 0.006 |
DLCO/VA‡ | 1.78 (0.18) | 1.74 (0.25) | 0.3 | 1.79 (0.26) | 1.65 (0.20) | 0.03 |
*% predicted for height, age and gender using Finnish reference values.21
†Z-score using Global Lungs Initiative (GLI) equations.22
‡DLCO/VA expressed as mmol/min/kPa/L.
Values mean (SD) are expressed as percentages of reference values predicted or as Z-score.
DLCO, diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide; FVC, forced vital capacity; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; IUGR, intrauterine growth restriction; MEF50, maximum expiratory flow at 50% of vital capacity; MMEF, maximum midexpiratory flow; VA, alveolar volume.