Adjusted ORs and 95% CIs showing the association between 5 min Apgar score and vulnerability within each of the five Early Development Instrument (EDI) domains
| Physical health and well-being domain* | Social domain* | Emotional domain* | Language domain* | Communication domain* | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Factors | OR | 95% CI | p Value | OR | 95% CI | p Value | OR | 95% CI | p Value | OR | 95% CI | p Value | OR | 95% CI | p Value |
| Apgar | |||||||||||||||
| 0–3 | 2.70 | (1.19 to 6.13) | 0.01 | 0.84 | (0.25 to 2.81) | 0.77 | 1.18 | (0.40 to 3.34) | 0.70 | 2.71 | (1.22 to 6.01) | 0.01 | 1.73 | (0.70 to 4.28) | 0.20 |
| 4 | 1.74 | (0.64 to 4.73) | 0.28 | 2.10 | (0.82 to 5.43) | 0.12 | 1.36 | (0.45 to 4.06) | 0.59 | 1.77 | (0.69 to 4.56) | 0.24 | 1.20 | (0.41 to 3.58) | 0.74 |
| 5 | 2.43 | (1.41 to 4.20) | <0.01 | 1.77 | (0.97 to 3.20) | 0.06 | 1.60 | (0.85 to 2.98) | 0.14 | 0.95 | (0.49 to 1.84) | 0.87 | 0.66 | (0.30 to 1.47) | 0.31 |
| 6 | 1.55 | (1.02 to 2.36) | 0.04 | 1.48 | (0.97 to 2.27) | 0.07 | 1.17 | (0.73 to 1.87) | 0.52 | 1.19 | (0.78 to 1.83) | 0.41 | 0.96 | (0.59 to 1.54) | 0.86 |
| 7 | 1.45 | (1.10 to 1.91) | 0.01 | 1.36 | (1.03 to 1.81) | 0.03 | 1.60 | (1.21 to 2.10) | <0.001 | 1.01 | (0.76 to 1.34) | 0.97 | 1.12 | (0.84 to 1.49) | 0.45 |
| 8 | 1.24 | (1.03 to 1.49) | 0.02 | 1.14 | (0.95 to 1.37) | 0.16 | 1.24 | (1.03 to 1.50) | 0.02 | 0.98 | (0.82 to 1.17) | 0.84 | 0.98 | (0.81 to 1.17) | 0.79 |
| 9 | 1.23 | (1.05 to 1.44) | 0.01 | 1.14 | (0.97 to 1.33) | 0.11 | 1.20 | (1.03 to 1.41) | 0.02 | 0.98 | (0.85 to 1.13) | 0.78 | 1.02 | (0.87. to 1.18) | 0.83 |
| 10 | 1.00 | (–) | – | 1.00 | (–) | – | 1.00 | (–) | – | 1.00 | (–) | – | 1.00 | (–) | – |
Bold represents p value <0.05. *Logistic regression models adjusted for child's sex (male vs female), age of the child at EDI (years), socioeconomic status (low or income assistance, middle vs high), gestational weeks (37, 38, 39, 41, ≥42 vs 40 weeks of gestational), birth weight for gestational age (large, small vs appropriate), breastfeeding initiation (yes vs no).