Table 2

Clinical outcomes for live-born singletons without congenital anomalies

LMPTTerm
32+0–33+6 weeks34+0–36+6 weeks≥37 weeksp Value*
Number of infants, n122785972
Place of birth
 Hospital, n (%)119 (97.5)780 (99.4)938 (96.5)
 Midwifery-led unit, n (%)0 (0.0)1 (0.1)9 (0.9)
 Home/outside hospital3 (0.0)4 (0.5)25 (2.6)
Deaths before discharge, n (%)2 (1.6)1 (0.1)1 (0.1)
Any active resuscitation at birth, n (%)45 (36.9)114 (14.5)72 (7.4)<0.001
Endotracheal intubation at birth, n (%)11 (9.0)19 (2.4)8 (0.8)<0.001
Delivery of postnatal care
 All newborn care on postnatal ward (overall), n (%)0 (0.0)505 (64.3)910 (93.6)<0.001
 Any care in a NNU (overall), n (%)122 (100.0)280 (35.7)43 (4.4)†<0.001
 All care on postnatal ward, n (%) of those born in hospital0 (0.0)501 (64.2)896 (95.5)
 Any care in a NNU, n (%) of those born in hospital118 (100.0)279 (35.8)42 (4.5)
 All care on a postnatal ward, n (%) of those born in midwifery-led unit0 (0.0)1 (100.0)9 (100.0)
 Any care in a NNU, n (%) of those born in midwifery-led unit0 (0.0)0 (0.0)0 (0.0)
 All care on a postnatal ward, n (%) of those born at home0 (0.0)3 (75.0)5 (20.0)
 Any care in a NNU, n (%) of those born at home‡3 (100.0)1 (25.0)1 (4.0)
Length of hospital stay, days, median (range)16 (4,78)4 (1, 49)2 (0, 25)0.013§
Surgical procedures, n (%)2 (1.7)3 (0.4)0 (0.0)0.002
Maximum level of respiratory support
 Mechanical ventilation, n (%)27 (22.1)48 (6.1)8 (0.8)
 Non-invasive respiratory support, n (%)14 (11.5)18 (2.3)1 (0.1)
 Oxygen therapy, n (%)6 (4.9)30 (3.8)8 (0.8)
 No respiratory support, n (%)75 (61.5)689 (87.8)955 (98.3)<0.001
Ventilation and/or non-invasive respiratory support
 n (%)41 (33.6)66 (8.4)9 (0.9)<0.001
 Days of mechanical ventilation and non-invasive respiratory support, median (range)2 (1, 26)2 (1, 13)3 (1, 4)0.078§
Parenteral nutrition
 n (%)15 (12.3)17 (2.2)3 (0.3)<0.001
 Days of parenteral nutrition, median (range)8 (2, 60)4 (1, 32)3 (3, 3)0.10§
Intravenous (IV) fluids
 n (%)84 (68.9)159 (20.3)20 (2.1)<0.001
 Days of IV fluids, median (range)2 (1, 11)2 (1, 14)2.5 (1, 10)0.053§
Days to full oral suck feeds
 Median (range)12 (0, 32)0 (0, 95)0 (0, 19)0.016§
 Nasogastric feeds on discharge, n (%)2 (1.7)1 (0.1)0 (0.0)0.002
Any breast milk given, n (%)81 (66.4)501 (63.8)717 (73.8)<0.001
Receiving breast milk at discharge, n (%)64/120 (53.3)460/784 (58.7)701/971 (72.2)<0.001
Exclusive breast milk feeding at discharge, n (%)41/120 (34.2)314/784 (40.0)632/971 (65.1)<0.001
Jaundice treated with phototherapy, n (%)72 (59.0)127 (16.2)6 (0.6)<0.001
Hypothermia (temperature <36.0°C), n (%)11 (9.0)73 (9.3)12 (1.2)<0.001
Hypoglycaemia (blood glucose <2.0 mmol/L), n (%)16 (13.1)45 (5.7)9 (0.9)<0.001
Investigations
Cranial ultrasound scan, n (%)28 (23.0)35 (4.5)14 (1.4)<0.001
MRI scan, n (%)1 (0.8)7 (0.9)5 (0.5)0.39
Chest X-ray, n (%)53 (43.4)122 (15.5)23 (2.4)<0.001
Screen for suspected sepsis, n (%)76 (62.3)251 (32.0)48 (4.9)<0.001
Positive culture results, n (%)3 (2.5)13 (1.7)0 (0.0)<0.001
  • 2 test for trend across all three gestational age categories unless otherwise stated.

  • †32–33 weeks are not included in calculation of the p value as all will enter NNU.

  • ‡Some infants born at home remained at home.

  • §Kendall's Tau test across all three gestational age categories.

  • LMPT, late and moderately preterm; NNU, neonatal unit.