Characteristics of the 18 randomised controlled trials included in the meta-analysis
| Study | Gestational age (weeks) | Methods | Participants | Interventions | Outcomes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mortality | BPD | Length of mechanical ventilation (days) | |||||
| Cheema et al14 | 24–32 | Randomised crossover trial | T 20 | SIPPV/SIMV+VG | |||
| 24–32 | C 20 | SIPPV/SIMV | |||||
| Cheema et al18 | 27.1±2.1 | Randomised controlled trial | T 19 | SIPPV+VG | |||
| 27.9±2.3 | C 21 | SIPPV | |||||
| D'Angio et al19 | 26.8±1.8 | Randomised controlled trial | T 104 | PRVC | 13/104 | 38/104 | 27.6±23.8 |
| 27±1.9 | C 108 | SIMV | 13/107 | 45/108 | 24±22.4 | ||
| Duman et al20 | 27.8±1.7 | Randomised controlled trial | T 23 | A/C+VG | 3/23 | 3/23 | |
| 27.6±2.1 | C 22 | A/C | 7/22 | 7/22 | |||
| Guven et al21 | 29.40±2.12 | Randomised controlled trial | T 42 | SIMV+VG | 2/42 | 3/42 | 3.02±6.76 |
| 29.17±1.84 | C 30 | SIMV | 9/30 | 5/30 | 6.93±7.81 | ||
| Herrera et al22 | 24–31 | Randomised crossover trial | T 9 | SIMV+VG | |||
| 24–31 | C 9 | SIMV | |||||
| Hummler et al23 | 24.8±1.6 | Randomised crossover trial | T 15 | SIMV+VG | |||
| 24.8±1.6 | C 15 | SIMV | |||||
| Keszler and Abubakar24 | 29.4±3.24 | Randomised controlled trial | T 9 | A/C+VG | 1/9 | 2/9 | 4.5±7.3 |
| 29.3±3.57 | C 9 | A/C | 1/9 | 5/9 | 15.6±18.4 | ||
| Lista et al25 | 28.5±2 | Randomised controlled trial | T 30 | PSV+VG | 5/30 | 3/30 | 8.8±3 |
| 29.4±1.6 | C 23 | PSV | 6/23 | 4/23 | 12.3±3 | ||
| Liu et al26 | 31.5±3.6 | Randomised controlled trial | T 31 | SIPPV+VG | 2/31 | 4.79±1.125 | |
| 32.3±3.4 | C 30 | IMV | 3/30 | 6.46±1.92 | |||
| Nafday et al27 | 27.9±0.6 | Randomised controlled trial | T 16 | PSV+VG | 2/16 | 2/16 | |
| 27.4±0.5 | C 18 | SIMV | 1/18 | 4/18 | |||
| Piotrowski et al28 | 24–32 | Randomised controlled trial | T 30 | PRVC | 7/30 | 10/30 | |
| 24–32 | C 26 | SIMV | 4/26 | 10/26 | |||
| Piotrowski et al29 | 29±3.2 | Randomised controlled trial | T 27 | PRVC | 4/27 | 6/27 | 6.7±4.9 |
| 30±2.8 | C 30 | IMV | 8/31 | 6/31 | 13±15 | ||
| Polimeni et al30 | 27.8±1.7 | Randomised crossover trial | T 32 | SIMV+VG | |||
| 27.6±2.1 | C 32 | SIMV | |||||
| Singh et al31 32 | 25.5–28.3 | Randomised controlled trial | T 57 | VC | 5/57 | 16/57 | 8.4±12.6 |
| 25.5–28.8 | C 52 | TCPL | 10/52 | 17/52 | 9.7±14 | ||
| Sinha et al33 | 31.2±2.1 | Randomised controlled trial | T 25 | VC | 1/25 | 1/25 | 5.1±2.7 |
| 31.2±2.5 | C 25 | TCPL | 1/25 | 6/25 | 6.7±5.6 | ||
| Swamy et al34 | 25.5–28.3 | Randomised controlled trial | T 45 | VC | |||
| 25.5–28.8 | C 41 | TCPL | |||||
| Zhou et al35 | 30.3±1.6 | Randomised controlled trial | T 15 | SIMV+VG | 2/15 | 9.3±2.1 | |
| 30.5±1.8 | C 15 | SIMV | 5/15 | 9.8±2.3 | |||
A/C, assist control; BPD, bronchopulmonary dysplasia; IMV, intermittent mandatory ventilation; PRVC, pressure-regulated volume control; PSV, pressure support ventilation; SIMV, synchronised intermittent mandatory ventilation; SIPPV, synchronised intermittent positive pressure ventilation; TCPL, time cycled pressure limited; VC, volume control; VG, volume guarantee ventilation.