Summary of studies that provided adjusted measures of the association between chorioamnionitis (CA) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia
| Author | Type of CA | Unadjusted measure, OR (95% CI) | Adjusted measure, OR (95% CI) | Variables controlled for in adjusted model |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abele-Horn et al31 | Histological | 3.94 (1.23 to 12.62) | 6.18 (1.04 to 36.55) | BW, dexamethasone postpartum, treatment with surfactant, caesarean section, ureaplasma/bacteria vs controls |
| Ameenudeen et al32 | Clinical | 6.28 (2.11 to 18.72) | 9.0 (1.6 to 50.8) | GA, BW, Apgar score at 1 and 5 min, gender, PROM, antepartum haemorrhage, sepsis, maternal anaemia, severe RDS, abnormal chest x-ray during first week of life, surfactant tx, ventilatory support, PDA, fluid intake received during 1st 5 days of life |
| Baud et al33 | Clinical | 1.70 (1.14 to 2.53) | 0.96 (0.36 to 2.57) | Antenatal steroids, antenatal antibiotics, mode of delivery, GA (27–29 weeks vs <27 weeks) |
| Butler et al34 | Histological | 2.42 (1.60 to 3.66) | 2.39 (1.34 to 4.27) | PDA, birth depression, RDS, hyperbilirubinemia, IPPV, pneumothorax, neonatal infection |
| Choi et al35 | Histological | 3.81 (1.27 to 11.4) | 2.8 (0.3 to 28) | GA, TGF-β1 mRNA in BAL cells, PDA |
| Jónsson et al52 | Clinical | 3.2 (1.23 to 8.31) | 3.70 (1.09 to 12.54) | PDA (7 days), sepsis (7 days) |
| Kent et al18 | Histological | 1.04 (0.59 to 1.83) | 1.16 (0.53 to 2.56)* | GA, BW, sex, antenatal steroids, treatment with surfactant |
| Mu et al67 | Histological | 2.89 (1.24 to 6.74) | 3.018 (1.235 to 7.378) | Adjusted for GA |
| Ohyama et al72 | Histological | 2.41 (1 to 5.79) | 3.20 (1.40 to 7.31)* | Maternal parity, recurrent genital bleeding, maternal fever, maternal antibiotics, PROM ≤24 h, GA, BW, IgM ≤30, infant WBC, infant WBC ≤30 000, RDS, PDA, amniotic necrosis, CA, membranitis, funisitis, chorionic vasculitis, subacute necrotising funisitis |
| Paananen et al73 | Histological | 1.55 (0.69 to 3.51) | 1.2 (0.4 to 3.6) | GA |
| Redline et al74 | Histological | 1.05 (0.67 to 1.64) | 0.7 (0.39 to 1.26) | GA, BW, white race, pulmonary air leak, PDA, acute atherosis, septicaemia, acute respiratory distress |
| Rocha et al76 | Histological | 2.45 (1.16 to 5.18) | 1.2 (0.51 to 2.95) | GA, BW |
| Soraisham et al77 | Clinical | 7.42 (4.16 to 13.23) | 0.84 (0.57 to 1.23) | GA, BW, vaginal delivery, antenatal steroids, maternal hypertension, Apgar at 5 min |
| Van Marter et al13 | Histological | 0.63 (0.38 to 1.04) | 0.6 (0.33 to 1.08) | Postnatal sepsis, ventilation >7 days |
| Viscardi et al14 | Clinical and Histological | NA | 3.13 (1.20 to 8.18) | GA, FV, WBC ≥9.2×103, ANC ≥8730, serum IL-6 ≥17 pg/ml, serum IL-1β ≥5.4 pg/ml, serum TNF-α ≥3pg/ml |
| Watterberg et al80 | Histological | 2.54 (1.25 to 5.19) | 2.23 (0.97 to 5.12)† | GA and BW |
| Woynarowska et al81 | Clinical | 0.95 (0.35 to 2.59) | 0.71 (0.24 to 2.09) | GA |
↵* Results re-calculated for meta-analysis from data reported in primary study.
↵† Unadjusted results calculated for total sample; adjusted results calculated for placebo group only.
ANC, absolute neutrophil count; BW, birth weight; FV, factor V; GA, gestational age; IPPV, intermittent positive pressure ventilation; PDA, patent ductus arteriosus; PROM, premature rupture of the membranes; RDS, respiratory distress syndrome; tx, treatment; WBC, white blood cells.