RR for association between potential explanatory variables and the outcomes of infant diarrhoea, acute respiratory illness and fever in the first 2 months of life
| N (%) | Diarrhoea RR (95% CI) | ARI RR (95% CI) | Fever RR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal characteristics | ||||
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 26.9 (6.3) | 1.02 (1.00 to 1.04) | 0.99 (0.98 to 1.01) | 1.00 (0.99 to 1.01) |
| Parity | ||||
| Primiparous | 138 (14.5) | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| 2–4 Births | 423 (44.3) | 1.42 (0.96 to 2.10) | 1.06 (0.77 to 1.47) | 0.69 (0.54 to 0.87) |
| 5 Or more births | 393 (41.2) | 1.60 (1.09 to 2.36) | 0.89 (0.64 to 1.25) | 0.83 (0.66 to 1.05) |
| Level of autonomy (n=947) | ||||
| Always asks | 613 (64.7) | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Sometimes ask | 189 (20.0) | 1.23 (0.95 to 1.58) | 1.09 (0.83 to 1.42) | 0.85 (0.67 to 1.08) |
| Doesn't have to ask | 145 (15.3) | 0.87 (0.62 to 1.21) | 0.82 (0.58 to 1.16) | 0.92 (0.72 to 1.19) |
| No formal education | ||||
| Mother | 763 (80.0) | 1.30 (0.97 to 1.76) | 1.10 (0.83 to 1.47) | 1.25 (0.98 to 1.58) |
| Husband (n=947) | 349 (36.9) | 1.15 (0.92 to 1.42) | 1.19 (0.95 to 1.48) | 1.11 (0.93 to 1.32) |
| Socio-economic status | ||||
| Lower wealth (n=952) | 539 (56.6) | 1.23 (0.99 to 1.54) | 1.17 (0.94 to 1.47) | 1.25 (1.05 to 1.50) |
| Hungry in last month (lack of money) | 99 (10.4) | 1.61 (1.23 to 2.11) | 1.59 (1.20 to 2.11) | 1.34 (1.06 to 1.70) |
| Indebted | 77 (8.1) | 1.69 (1.26 to 2.25) | 1.52 (1.10 to 2.09) | 1.37 (1.06 to 1.77) |
| No emergency resources (n=952) | 595 (62.5) | 0.98 (0.79 to 1.23) | 0.87 (0.69 to 1.08) | 1.06 (0.88 to 1.27) |
| Environment | ||||
| Urban kebele | 135 (14.2) | 0.87 (0.62 to 1.20) | 0.71 (0.49 to 1.03) | 0.75 (0.56 to 1.01) |
| Other children <5 years | ||||
| None | 196 (20.6) | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| 1 Child <5 years | 485 (50.8) | 1.61 (1.16 to 2.22) | 1.17 (0.87 to 1.56) | 0.77 (0.63 to 0.96) |
| 2 Or more children | 273 (28.6) | 1.38 (0.96 to 1.97) | 0.92 (0.66 to 1.29) | 0.88 (0.70 to 1.10) |
| Unprotected water supply (n=952) | 287 (30.2) | 0.97 (0.77 to 1.23) | 0.93 (0.73 to 1.18) | 0.96 (0.80 to 1.16) |
| No latrine | 354 (37.1) | 1.16 (0.94 to 1.45) | 1.15 (0.92 to 1.43) | 0.97 (0.81 to 1.16) |
| Rubbish disposed on fields (n=953) | 742 (77.9) | 1.02 (0.79 to 1.33) | 1.07 (0.81 to 1.40) | 1.00 (0.81 to 1.23) |
| Animals in house (n=953) | 598 (62.8) | 1.37 (1.08 to 1.74) | 1.15 (0.92 to 1.43) | 1.18 (0.98 to 1.42) |
| No window (n=953) | 593 (62.2) | 1.19 (0.94 to 1.49) | 1.18 (0.93 to 1.49) | 1.09 (0.91 to 1.30) |
| Maternal ill-health | ||||
| Fever since birth | 240 (25.2) | 1.58 (1.27 to 1.96) | 1.51 (1.20 to 1.89) | 1.60 (1.35 to 1.89) |
| Malaria since birth (n=949) | 125 (13.2) | 1.39 (1.06 to 1.82) | 1.45 (1.11 to 1.91) | 1.33 (1.07 to 1.65) |
| Diarrhoea since birth | 55 (5.8) | 1.67 (1.20 to 2.33) | 1.34 (0.90 to 1.99) | 1.49 (1.13 to 1.96) |
| BMI (kg/m2) (n=765) | 146 (19.1) | 0.95 (0.90 to 1.00) | 0.78 (0.55 to 1.11) | 0.98 (0.76 to 1.26) |
| Maternal substance use | ||||
| Alcohol use (≥weekly) | 17 (1.8) | 1.37 (0.71 to 2.63) | 0.47 (0.13 to 1.73) | 0.67 (0.28 to 1.58) |
| Khat use (≥weekly) | 95 (10.0) | 1.06 (0.75 to 1.50) | 1.06 (0.74 to 1.52) | 0.92 (0.68 to 1.25) |
| Infant characteristics | ||||
| Birth weight | ||||
| Normal | 468 (49.1) | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Low (<2500 g) | 35 (3.7) | 0.96 (0.54 to 1.72) | 0.96 (0.54 to 1.72) | 1.28 (0.88 to 1.88) |
| Not measured | 451 (47.3) | 1.05 (0.84 to 1.30) | 0.86 (0.69 to 1.08) | 0.94 (0.79 to 1.13) |
| Female infant | 469 (49.2) | 0.97 (0.78 to 1.20) | 0.82 (0.65 to 1.02) | 0.86 (0.72 to 1.02) |
| Lack of social support | ||||
| Low frequency of contact with friends | 144 (15.1) | 1.15 (0.87 to 1.52) | 1.07 (0.79 to 1.44) | 1.13 (0.90 to 1.42) |
| Can't rely on family | 189 (19.8) | 1.02 (0.78 to 1.33) | 1.00 (0.76 to 1.31) | 1.05 (0.85 to 1.30) |
| Not enough help at home (n=953) | 366 (38.4) | 0.84 (0.67 to 1.05) | 0.94 (0.75 to 1.18) | 0.82 (0.68 to 0.98) |
| Not enough help with children | 426 (44.7) | 0.87 (0.70 to 1.08) | 0.91 (0.73 to 1.14) | 0.87 (0.73 to 1.04) |
| Not enough help from husband (n=943) | 93 (9.9) | 1.18 (0.85 to 1.64) | 1.04 (0.73 to 1.50) | 1.16 (0.89 to 1.51) |
| Potential mediators | ||||
| Breast feeding delayed ≥8 h (n=939) | 65 (6.9) | 1.41 (0.99 to 1.99) | 1.05 (0.69 to 1.60) | 1.50 (1.16 to 1.94) |
| Non-exclusive breast feeding | 152 (15.9) | 0.93 (0.68 to 1.25) | 0.97 (0.72 to 1.32) | 1.08 (0.86 to 1.36) |
| Soap use <daily | 401 (42.0) | 1.40 (1.13 to 1.73) | 1.15 (0.92 to 1.43) | 1.19 (1.00 to 1.41) |
| No vaccinations (n=951) | 221 (23.2) | 1.12 (0.88 to 1.43) | 1.16 (0.91 to 1.49) | 1.18 (0.97 to 1.42) |
| Maternal functioning impaired ≥15 days | 75 (7.9) | 1.20 (0.84 to 1.71) | 1.50 (1.08 to 2.07) | 1.20 (0.90 to 1.59) |
n=954 singleton mother–infant pairs.
ARI, acute respiratory illness; BMI, body mass index.