By cohort | By gestational age | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total cohort (n=101), n (%) | Cohort I (n=45), n (%) | Cohort II (n=56), n (%) | Cohort I vs II, p value | AGA (n=45), n (%) | SGA (n=56), n (%) | AGA vs SGA, p value | |
NICU admission of >28 days | 87 (86.1) | 39 (86.7) | 48 (85.7) | 0.890 | 38 (84.4) | 49 (87.5) | 0.774 |
Ventilation | 0.021 | 0.002 | |||||
No | 20 (19.8) | 5 (11.1) | 15 (26.8) | 5 (11.1) | 15 (26.8) | ||
Short, <2 weeks | 29 (28.7) | 11 (24.4) | 18 (32.1) | 9 (20.0) | 20 (35.7) | ||
Intermediate, 2–4 weeks | 36 (35.6) | 17 (37.8) | 19 (33.9) | 18 (40.0) | 18 (32.1) | ||
Long, >4 weeks | 16 (15.8) | 12 (26.7) | 4 (7.1) | 13 (28.9) | 3 (5.4) | ||
Oxygen >21% | 92 (91.1) | 44 (97.8) | 48 (85.7) | 0.040 | 41 (91.1) | 51 (91.1) | 1.000 |
IRDS | 0.126 | 0.033 | |||||
No | 43 (42.6) | 16 (35.6) | 27 (48.2) | 13 (28.9) | 30 (53.6) | ||
Grade I/II | 28 (27.7) | 11 (24.4) | 17 (30.4) | 24 (31.1) | 14 (25.0) | ||
Grade III/IV | 30 (29.7) | 18 (40.0) | 12 (21.4) | 18 (40.0) | 12 (21.4) | ||
Surfactant for IRDS | 43 (74.1) | 21 (72.4) | 22 (75.9) | 0.764 | 25 (78.1) | 18 (69.2) | 0.550 |
BPD | 57 (56.4) | 33 (73.3) | 24 (42.9) | 0.002 | 29 (64.4) | 28 (50.0) | 0.163 |
Hydrocortisone for BPD | 37 (64.9)* | 22 (66.7) | 15 (62.5) | 0.745 | 18 (62.1) | 19 (67.9) | 0.783 |
Hydrocortisone for BPD and hypotension | 7 (17.5)† | 6 (27.3) | 1 (5.6) | 0.105 | 6 (28.6) | 1 (5.3) | 0.095 |
Hypotension | 63 (62.4) | 30 (66.7) | 33 (58.9) | 0.425 | 30 (66.7) | 33 (58.9) | 0.536 |
Treatment for hypotension | 0.347 | 0.898 | |||||
Inotropes | 49 (77.8)‡ | 24 (80.0) | 25 (75.8) | 23 (76.7) | 26 (78.8) | ||
Inotropes and hydrocortisone | 3 (4.8)‡ | 0 | 3 (9.1) | 1 (3.3) | 2 (6.1) | ||
Intravenous fluids only | 11 (17.5)‡ | 6 (20.0) | 5 (15.2) | 6 (20.0) | 5 (15.2) | ||
PDA | 34 (33.7) | 17 (37.8) | 17 (30.4) | 0.433 | 21 (46.7) | 13 (23.2) | 0.019 |
Treatment for PDA | 0.204 | 0.038 | |||||
Spontaneous closure | 10 (29.4)§ | 7 (41.2) | 3 (17.6) | 5 (23.8) | 5 (38.5) | ||
Indomethacin | 19 (55.9)§ | 9 (52.9) | 10 (58.8) | 15 (71.4) | 4 (30.8) | ||
Surgery | 5 (14.7)§ | 1 (5.9) | 4 (23.5) | 1 (4.8) | 4 (30.8) | ||
PVL | 0.748 | 0.539 | |||||
No | 56 (55.4) | 25 (55.6) | 31 (55.4) | 26 (57.8) | 30 (53.6) | ||
Grade I | 44 (43.6) | 19 (42.2) | 25 (44.6) | 18 (40.0) | 26 (46.4) | ||
Grade II | 1 (1.0) | 1 (2.2) | 0 | 1 (2.2) | 0 | ||
IVH | 0.690 | 0.270 | |||||
No | 75 (74.3) | 33 (73.3) | 42 (75.0) | 31 (68.9) | 44 (78.6) | ||
Grade I/II | 22 (21.8) | 11 (24.4) | 11 (19.6) | 13 (28.9) | 9 (16.1) | ||
Grade III/IV | 4 (4.0) | 1 (2.2) | 3 (5.4) | 1 (2.2) | 3 (5.4) | ||
Septicaemia | 62 (61.4) | 26 (57.8) | 36 (64.3) | 0.504 | 26 (57.8) | 36 (64.3) | 0.542 |
NEC | 9 (8.9) | 2 (4.4) | 7 (12.5) | 0.292 | 4 (8.9) | 5 (8.9) | 1.000 |
Surgery for NEC | 8 (88.9)¶ | 2 (100) | 6 (85.7) | 1.000 | 3 (75.0) | 5 (100) | 0.444 |
Hyperbilirubinaemia | 80 (79.2) | 31 (68.9) | 49 (87.5) | 0.022 | 36 (80.0) | 44 (78.6) | 1.000 |
Hypoglycaemia | 24 (23.8) | 9 (20.0) | 15 (26.8) | 0.426 | 9 (20.0) | 15 (26.8) | 0.486 |
Hyperglycaemia | 29 (28.7) | 10 (22.2) | 19 (33.9) | 0.196 | 15 (33.3) | 14 (25.0) | 0.384 |
Hypothyroidism | 4 (4.0) | 4 (8.9) | 0 | 0.036 | 1 (2.2) | 3 (5.4) | 0.627 |
ROP | 0.780 | 0.873 | |||||
No | 54 (53.5) | 24 (53.3) | 30 (53.6) | 24 (53.3) | 30 (53.6) | ||
Stage I | 35 (34.7) | 14 (31.1) | 21 (37.5) | 16 (35.6) | 19 (33.9) | ||
Stage II | 7 (6.9) | 4 (8.9) | 3 (5.4) | 3 (6.7) | 4 (7.1) | ||
Stage III | 4 (4.0) | 2 (4.4) | 2 (3.6) | 1 (2.2) | 3 (5.4) | ||
Stage IV | 1 (1.0) | 1 (2.2) | 0 | 1 (2.2) | 0 | ||
Stage V | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Total cohort: infants born in 1996–2005; cohort I: 1996–2000; cohort II: 2001–2005. Comparisons were made based on the χ2 test or Fisher's exact test where appropriate.
↵* % Of patients who had BPD;
↵† % of patients who had BPD and hypotension;
↵‡ % of patients who had hypotension;
↵§ % of patients who had PDA;
↵¶ % of patients who had NEC.
AGA, appropriate for gestational age, ≥p10; BPD, bronchopulmonary dysplasia; IRDS, infant respiratory distress syndrome; IVH, intraventricular haemorrhage; NEC, necrotising enterocolitis; NICU, neonatal intensive care unit; PDA, patent ductus arteriosus; PVL, periventricular leukomalacia; ROP, retinopathy of prematurity; SGA, small for gestational age, <p10.