Methodological quality of relevant trials
| Author (year of publication) | Jadad scale | Allocation concealment | Outcome assessor blind | |||||
| Described as randomised | Appropriate method of randomisation | Described as double-blind | Appropriate method of double-blinding | Withdrawals and drop-outs adequately described | Overall score | |||
| Music for painful procedures | ||||||||
| Marchette (1989)20 | Yes | Unclear | No | N/A | No | 1 | Unclear | Yes for pain and cardiac rhythm |
| Marchette (1991)21 | Yes | Unclear | No | N/A | No | 1 | Unclear | Yes for HR and cardiac rhythm |
| Joyce (2001)19 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | 4 | Unclear* | Yes for pain |
| Bo (2000)15 | Yes | Unclear | No | N/A | No | 1 | Unclear | Unclear |
| Butt (2000)16 | Yes | Unclear | No | N/A | No | 1 | Unclear | Unclear |
| Whipple (2004)18 | Yes | Unclear | No | N/A | No | 1 | Unclear | Unclear |
| Music for other indications | ||||||||
| Calabro (2003)23 | Yes | Yes | No | N/A | Yes | 3 | Unclear | Yes |
| Standley (2003)22 | Yes | Unclear | No | N/A | Yes | 2 | Unclear | Yes† |
| Arnon (2006)17 | Yes | Unclear | No | N/A | No | 1 | Unclear | Unclear |
*For music intervention; †nurses blind to the purpose of the study. HR, heart rate.