| Doxapram or theophylline for apnoea in newborns (n = 4)16 17 | High position of umbilical artery catheters (n = 2)28 |
| Prophylactic phosphate for preterm infants (n = 10)18 | Prophylactic surfactant for preterm infants (n = 14)29–31 |
| Prophylactic high-dose vitamin E for preterm infants (n = 3)19 | Prophylactic indometacin for preterm infants (n = 13)32 |
| Epinephrine for cardiac arrest or extremely bradycardic infants (n = 14)20 | Supplemental high-dose vitamin A for very low birthweight infants (n = 14)33 |
| Prophylactic nasal continuous positive airways pressure for very preterm infants (n = 14)21 | Giving positive airway pressure with binasal device (n = 1)34 |
| Loop diuretics (n = 12) or inhaled steroids (n = 6) for infants with chronic lung disease22 23 | |
| Opiates (n = 12) or phenobarbital (n = 2) for neonatal abstinence syndrome24 25 | |
| Intravenous immunoglobulin for neonatal infection (n = 2)26 | |
| Early discharge with home gavage feeding for preterm infants (n = 2)27 | |