Elective CS‡ | 679 (5.9) | 20 (9.9) | 47 (8.5) | 141 (10.9) | 0.54* | <0.001* |
Emergent CS for distress¶ | 304 (26) | 6 (3) | 24 (4.4) | 84 (6.6) | 0.4* | <0.001* |
Metabolic acidosis§ | 54 (0.5) | 1 (0.5) | 9 (1.7) | 19 (1.5) | 0.3† | <0.001* |
Five-minute Apgar <7‡ | 71 (0.6) | 2 (1) | 4 (0.7) | 17 (1.3) | 0.66† | 0.035* |
Perinatal death | 65 (0.6) | 2 (1) | 10 (1.8) | 22 (1.7) | 0.74† | <0.001* |
OR (95% CI) | – | 1.8 (0.4 to 7.2) | 3.2 (1.6 to 6.2) | 3 (1.9 to 4.9) | | |
Stillborns | 51 (0.4) | 2 (1) | 10 (1.8) | 17 (1.3) | 0.74† | <0.001* |
Neonatal death‡ | 14 (0.1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 5 (0.4) | – | 0.071* |
Neurological morbidity‡ | 72 (0.6) | 2 (1) | 11 (2) | 17 (1.3) | 0.53† | <0.001* |
OR (95% CI) | | 1.6 (0.4 to 6.5) | 3.2 (1.7 to 6.1) | 2.1 (1.3 to 3.6) | | |
Seizures‡ | 20 (0.2) | 1 (0.5) | 2 (0.4) | 5 (0.4) | 1† | 0.25* |
Intraventricular haemorrhage‡ | 13 (0.1) | 1 (0.5) | 1 (0.2) | 6 (0.5) | 0.46† | 0.012* |
Periventricular leucomalacia‡ | 3 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0) | 1† | 0.2* |
Hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy‡ | 37 (0.3) | 0 (0) | 2 (0.4) | 8 (0.6) | 1† | 0.29* |
Abnormal electroencephalogram‡ | 45 (0.4) | 1 (0.5) | 6 (1.1) | 7 (0.5) | 0.68† | 0.1* |
Non-neurological morbidity‡ | 53 (0.5) | 1 (0.5) | 20 (3.6) | 17 (1.3) | 0.02* | <0.001* |
OR (95% CI) | – | 1.1 (0.1 to 7.8) | 8 (4.8 to 13.6) | 2.9 (1.7 to 5) | | |
Prolonged NICU stay‡ | 46 (0.4) | 1 (0.5) | 17 (3.1) | 16 (1.2) | 0.05† | <0.001* |
Hypoglycaemia‡ | 112 (1) | 0 (0) | 14 (2.5) | 42 (3.3) | 0.03† | <0.001* |
Necrotising enterocolitis‡ | 4 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.2) | 2 (0.2) | 1† | 0.16* |
Acute renal or cardiac failure‡ | 13 (0.1) | 0 (0) | 2 (0.4) | 3 (0.2) | 1† | 0.29* |