Comparisons of mortality, NEC, and other perinatal outcomes between the donor breast milk and formula groups
| Outcome and studies | Sole diet comparison | Supplementary diet comparison | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Donor breast milk | Formula | RR (95% CI) | p value | Donor breast milk | Formula | RR (95% CI) | p value | |||||
| No. | n (%) | No. | n (%) | No. | n (%) | No. | n (%) | |||||
| NEC, necrotising ulcerative colitis; No., total; n, number of cases. | ||||||||||||
| RR<1 favours donor breast milk. | ||||||||||||
| Mortality up to 9 months | ||||||||||||
| Lucas et al17 | 83 | 7 (8.4) | 76 | 9 (11.8) | 0.71 (0.28 to 1.82) | p = 0.48 | 170 | 12 (7.1) | 173 | 15 (8.7) | 0.81 (0.39 to 1.69) | p = 0.58 |
| Mortality up to 18 months | ||||||||||||
| Lucas et al17,19 | 83 | 7 (8.4) | 76 | 9 (11.8) | 0.71 (0.28 to 1.82) | p = 0.48 | 170 | 13 (7.6) | 173 | 16 (9.2) | 0.83 (0.41 to 1.67) | p = 0.59 |
| Confirmed NEC | ||||||||||||
| Cooper et al23 | 24 | 1 (4.2) | 15 | 3 (20.0) | 0.21 (0.02 to 1.82) | p = 0.113 | ||||||
| Gross12 | 41 | 1 (2.4) | 26 | 3 (11.5) | 0.21 (0.02 to 1.92) | p = 0.126 | ||||||
| Lucas and Cole18 | 86 | 1 (1.2) | 76 | 4 (5.3) | 0.22 (0.03 to 1.93) | p = 0.13 | 167 | 2 (1.2) | 173 | 5 (2.9) | 0.41 (0.08 to 2.11) | p = 0.27 |
| Suspected NEC | ||||||||||||
| Lucas and Cole18 | 86 | 3 (3.5) | 76 | 6 (7.9) | 0.44 (0.11 to 1.71) | p = 0.22 | 167 | 8 (4.8) | 173 | 6 (3.5) | 1.38 (0.49 to 3.90) | p = 0.54 |
| Respiratory symptoms | ||||||||||||
| Cooper et al23 | 24 | 3 (12.5) | 15 | 1 (6.7) | 1.87 (0.21 to 16.41) | p = 0.56 | ||||||
| Mild diarrhoea (culture negative) | ||||||||||||
| Schultz et al11 | 10 | 0 (0) | 10 | 6 (60) | 0 | p = 0.011 | ||||||
| Feeding intolerance, including NEC | ||||||||||||
| Gross12 | 41 | 1 (2.4) | 26 | 6 (23.1) | 0.11 (0.01 to 0.83) | p = 0.007 | ||||||
| >2 weeks to tolerate full enteral feeds | ||||||||||||
| Lucas16 | 83 | 9 (11) | 76 | 25 (33) | 0.33 (0.16 to 0.66) | p = 0.0007 | ||||||
| >3 weeks to tolerate full enteral feeds | ||||||||||||
| Lucas16 | 83 | 4 (5) | 76 | 13 (17) | 0.28 (0.10 to 0.83) | p = 0.012 | ||||||