Malaysia13 | Prospective surveillance | 9 (1991) | 136 | 26 (35/136) | 12 | 74(20/69) | 18 | Acinetobacter, Klebsiella |
Kenya12 | Prospective and retrospective survey | 6 (1997–8) | 121 | 30 (21/69) (72 h) | 4 | 30 (>72 h) | 10 | Klebsiella, Citrobacter |
Nigeria39 | Prospective surveillance | 11 (1994–5) | 62 | 47 | 8 | 53 | 5 | Staph aureus, Pseudomonas |
India25 | Prospective Surveillance | 6 (1997) | 96 | 50 | 9 | 50 | 4 | Staph aureus, Klebsiella |
Panama9 | Surveillance, retrospective | 216 (1975–92) | 577 | 47 (<5 days) | 44 | 53 (>5 days) | 22 | Klebsiella, Staph aureus |
India17 | Surveillance | 15 (1996–7) | 157 | 86 (6 days) | 49 | 14 (>6 days) | 68 | Klebsiella, Pseudomonas |
Saudi Arabia40 | Case control study | 60 (1983–8) | 61 | 39 | 21 | 61 | 24 | Staphylococci, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Serratia |
India36 | Prospective surveillance | 24 (1995–6) | 131 | 23 | 4 | 77 | 10 | Klebsiella, Enterobacter fecalis |
The Gambia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Ethiopia*41 | Multicentre study (4 prospective surveillance studies) | Each study conducted over 24 months (1990–1993) | 167 (84 in the neonatal period) | 30% (7 days) | n/a | 70% | n/a | Staph aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, E coli |