Table 2

 Maternal characteristics: information about pregnancy and delivery

VariableCases (n = 71)Controls (n = 101)p Value
Values are mean (SD) or number (%).
NSAID, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug.
Age31.03 (5.64)31.92 (4.73)NS
Renal pathologies before pregnancy10 (14%)7 (7%)0.198
Renal pathologies during pregnancy4 (6%)9 (9%)0.612
Primiparity23 (32%)36 (36%)0.780
Smoking during pregnancy8 (11%)6 (6%)0.330
Alcohol during pregnancy17 (24%)17 (17%)0.338
Pre-eclampsia8 (11%)21 (21%)0.159
Premature rupture of membranes22 (31%)20 (20%)0.133
Maternal fever12 (18%)8 (8%)0.117
Caesarean section53 (75%)66 (65%)0.257
    Fetal problems31 (44%)27 (27%)0.032
    Maternal problems22 (31%)39 (39%)0.386
Twins18 (25%)14 (14%)0.088
Drugs during pregnancy53 (75%)62 (62%)0.039
    Antibiotics23 (32%)13 (13%)0.004
    NSAIDs25 (37%)19 (19%)0.013
    Steroids22 (31%)25 (25%)0.466
Drugs during delivery60 (84%)68 (68%)0.018
    Antibiotics21 (30%)14 (14%)0.020
    Steroids3 (4%)3 (3%)0.984