Studies of perinatal postmortem radiography
| Study | Case selection | Autopsy rate | Case mix | Radiographs with abnormalities |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SB, Stillbirth; NND, neonatal death. | ||||
| Ryan & Kozlowski11 | 109 consecutive radiographs | Not stated | SB, NND | Skeletal 17% |
| Foote et al12 | 2500 consecutive deaths | Not stated | SB, NND | 18% |
| Griscom & Driscoll13 | Series A (unselected): 238 series B (selected):102 | Not stated | Fetal (20 weeks–term), NND | 18% (series A), 75% (series B) |
| Cremin & Draper14 | 100 consecutive deaths | 89% | SB, NND | Not stated |
| Winter & Sandin15 | 488 consecutive deaths | 77% | SB, NND | Soft tissue 21%, skeletal 18%, “useful or diagnostic”16% |
| Seppanen16 | 514 consecutive radiographs | 100% | SB, NND | 30% |
| de la Fuente et al17 | 234 consecutive autopsies | 100% | Fetal (14 weeks–term), NND | 21%, “essential” 2.1% |
| Kalifa et al18 | 400 consecutive deaths | Not stated | Fetal (11 weeks–term) | “Valuable for diagnosis” 13.5%, “additional information” 34.5% |
| Gronvall & Graem19 | 137 consecutive autopsies | 100% | Fetal (8 weeks–term), NND | 59%, “major” 9% |
| Olsen et al20 | 542 consecutive deaths | 100% | Fetal (16 weeks–term), NND | 30%, “vital” 3.1% |