Maternal, gestational, and perinatal characteristics of the study and control groups
| Variable | Study group (n=21) | Control group (n=42) |
|---|---|---|
| If not indicated otherwise, values are mean (SD). | ||
| *Significantly different from study group. | ||
| PET, Pre-eclamptic toxaemia; PIH, pregnancy induced hypertension; | ||
| CHT, chronic hypertension; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; | ||
| IDDM, insulin dependent diabetes mellitus; PROM, prolonged rupture of membranes. | ||
| Mother’s age (years) | 27.8 (6.7) | 30.6 (5.4) |
| Jewish ethnic origin | 14 (66.6%) | 29 (69%) |
| Spontaneous fertilisation | 16 (76.2%) | 33 (78.6%) |
| Multiple births | 11 (52.3%) | 9 (21.4%)* |
| Maternal smoking in pregnancy | 0 | 3 (7.1%) |
| Maternal drugs during pregnancy | ||
| MgSO4 | 2 (9.5%) | 1 (2.4%) |
| Indomethacin | 1 (4.8%) | 1 (2.4%) |
| Ritodrine | 0 | 1 (2.4%) |
| Betamethasone | 2 (9.5%) | 7 (16.6%) |
| Gestational problems | ||
| Vaginal bleeding | 2 (9.5%) | 4 (9.5%) |
| PET/PIH/CHT | 2 (9.5%) | 5 (11.9%) |
| GDM/IDDM | 0 | 3 (7.1%) |
| Poly/oligohydramnion | 3/3 | 1/1* |
| Alcohol/drug consumption | 0 | 0 |
| Gestational age (weeks) | 35.0 (3.3) | 35.1 (3.4) |
| Birth weight (g) | 2352 (752) | 2388 (768) |
| Male | 12 (57.1%) | 26 (61.9%) |
| Non-reassuring fetal heart rate | 1 (4.8%) | 0 |
| PROM >12 hours | 3 (14.3%) | 12 (28.5%) |
| Chorioamnionitis | 0 | 3 (7.1%) |
| Meconial amniotic fluids | 1 (4.8%) | 15 (35.7%)* |
| Mode of delivery | ||
| Vaginal | 10 (47.6%) | 21 (50%) |
| Caesarean | 10 (47.6%) | 19 (45.2%) |
| Vacuum/forceps | 0 | 2 (4.8%) |
| Five minute Apgar score | 9.5 ± 0.6 | 9.3 ± 1 |
| Small for gestational age | 3 (14.3%) | 7 (16.7%) |
| Microcephaly | 1 (4.8%) | 4 (9.6%) |
| Congenital malformations | 5 (23.8%) | 3 (7.1%) |
| Chromosomal aberrations | 0 | 1 (2.4%) |