VLBW (n = 56) | SGA (n = 60) | Control (n = 83) | |
---|---|---|---|
Values are number (%). | |||
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p ⩽ 0.001 v controls. χ2 test was used to analyse differences in proportions between groups, with Fisher’s exact test when cell number less than five. | |||
†Anxiety disorders: separation anxiety disorder, generalised anxiety disorder, social phobia, or specific phobia. | |||
‡Other disorders: adjustment disorder, elimination disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, stuttering, tic disorder. None had manic or bipolar, psychotic, or eating disorder. | |||
§Comorbid diagnoses: ADHD, adjustment disorder, anxiety disorder, Asperger’s disorder, conduct disorder, depressive disorder, elimination disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, stuttering. | |||
DSM-IV, Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorder; fourth edition29; VLBW, very low birth weight; SGA, small for gestational age; ADHD, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. | |||
Symptoms ⩾ 75% of diagnostic criteria | |||
Symptoms any psychiatric disorder | 26 (46)*** | 14 (23) | 11 (13) |
Of these | |||
Symptoms anxiety disorders | 12 (21)* | 7 (12) | 6 (7) |
Symptoms depressive disorder | 3 (5) | 3 (5) | 0 |
Symptoms ADHD | 14 (25)*** | 4 (7) | 4 (5) |
Symptoms conduct disorder | 1 (2) | 3 (5) | 3 (4) |
Symptoms Asperger’s disorder | 4 (7)* | 0 | 0 |
Other symptom categories | 5 (9) | 3 (5) | 3 (4) |
⩾2 symptom categories | 9 (16) | 4 (7) | 5 (6) |
Diagnostic level | |||
Any psychiatric disorder | 14 (25)** | 6 (10) | 6 (7) |
Of these | |||
Anxiety disorders† | 8 (14)* | 4 (7) | 3 (4) |
Depressive disorder | 2 (4) | 0 | 0 |
ADHD | 4 (7) | 2 (3) | 1 (1) |
Conduct disorder | 0 | 2 (3) | 1 (1) |
Asperger’s disorder | 1 (2) | 0 | 0 |
Other disorders‡ | 4 (7) | 1 (2) | 2 (2) |
⩾2 diagnoses§ | 5 (9)* | 2 (3) | 1 (1) |