Maternal characteristics and dietary intake
| Non-smokers (n=18) | Smokers (n=14) | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Values are mean (SEM) for dietary intakes; other values are either median (range) or number (percentage). | |||
| *Significantly different. | |||
| APH, Antepartum haemorrhage; PIH, pregnancy induced hypertension. | |||
| Age (years) | 26 (16–36) | 24 (16–43) | 0.282 |
| Primigravida | 8 (44%) | 7 (50%) | 0.80 |
| Indigenous women | 2 (11%) | 5 (36%) | 0.09 |
| Weight at 1st trimester (kg) | 73.6 (51–106) | 79 (61–110) | 0.321 |
| Height (cm) | 165 (146–175) | 162 (152–173) | 0.240 |
| Antenatal illnesses | |||
| Nil | 14 (78%) | 10 (71%) | 1.00 |
| APH | 1 (5%) | 1 (7%) | 1.00 |
| Premature labour | 2 (11%) | 3 (21%) | 1.00 |
| Mild PIH | 1 (5%) | 0 | 1.00 |
| Antenatal steroids given | 3 (17%) | 2 (14%) | 1.00 |
| Normal vaginal delivery | 10 (56%) | 9 (64%) | 0.851 |
| Dietary intake | |||
| Energy (MJ/day) | 9.6 (0.6) | 3.4 (0.6) | 0.019* |
| Proteins (g/day) | 99.6 (6.8) | 106.5 (4.1) | 0.425 |
| Fat (g/day) | 94.9 (8.0) | 112.7 (7.7) | 0.128 |
| Carbohydrate (g/day) | 266.7 (19.4) | 349.1 (29.6) | 0.022* |
| Total vitamin A eqiv (μg/day) | 1129.5 (94.6) | 1253.6 (116) | 0.627 |
| Vitamin C (mg/day) | 201.6 (27.2) | 261.4 (56.1) | 0.312 |