Increased respiratory load | Decreased respiratory capacity |
Increased elastic load | Decreased respiratory drive |
Unresolved lung disease | Sedation |
Secondary pneumonia | CNS infection |
Left to right shunt (PDA) | PVH/PVL |
Abdominal distension | Hypocapnoea/alkalosis |
Hyperinflated lungs | |
Increased resistive load | Muscular dysfunction |
Thick/copious airway secretions | Muscular catabolism and weakness (malnutrition) |
Narrow/occluded endotracheal tube | Severe electrolyte disturbances |
Upper airway obstruction | Chronic pulmonary hyperinflation (BPD) |
Increased minute ventilation | Neuromuscular disorders |
Pain and irritability | Diaphragmatic dysfunction |
Sepsis/hyperthermia | Prolonged neuromuscular blockage (in renal failure, |
Metabolic acidosis | concomitant use of aminoglycoside and phenobarbitone) |
Myotonic dystrophy | |
Cervical spinal injury |
BPD, bronchopulmonary dysplasia; CNS, central nervous system; PDA, patent ductus arteriosus; PVH, periventricular haemorrhage; PVL periventricular leukomalacia.