Background characteristics of 733 study participants
| Value | n | |
| Mean area (SD) of cultivated land/household (hectares) | 0.6 (0.8) | 726 |
| Mean (SD) age of mothers (years) | 25.8 (8.9) | 732 |
| Proportion (95% CI) of women able to read and write (%) | 13.9 (11.5 to 16.6) | 732 |
| Proportion (95% CI) of women who were HIV infected (%) | 18.5 (15.5 to 21.3) | 723 |
| Proportion (95% CI) of primiparous women (%) | 23.6 (20.6 to 26.9) | 733 |
| Mean (SD) duration of pregnancy at delivery (weeks) | 39.4 (2.4) | 733 |
| Proportion (95% CI) of preterm (< 38th week) deliveries (%) | 20.2 (21.8 to 29.2) | 733 |
| Mean (SD) recorded birth weight (g)1-150 | 3069 (523) | 480 |
| Proportion (95% CI) of low birth weight babies (⩽ 2500 g) (%)1-150 | 18.3 (15.0 to 22.1) | 480 |
↵1-150 From infants weighed within the first 7 days of life.
CI, confidence interval; N, number of observations.