| Neonatal characteristics | Cases | Controls |
|---|---|---|
| Number | 36 | 36 |
| Median gestational age (weeks) (interquartile range) | 32.5 (30.5–35) | 32.0 (30–35) |
| Range of gestational age at delivery (weeks) | 27–38 | 26–37 |
| Median birthweight (g) (interquartile range) | 1367 (1076–1798) | 1407 (917–1849) |
| Birth weight <10th centile No (%) | 30 (83.3) | 26 (72.2) |
| Sex (M:F) | 1:0.8 | 1:1.77 |
| Apgar scores < 5 at‡ | ||
| 1 minute No (%) | 10 (28.6) | 11 (31.4) |
| 5 minutes No (%) | 1 (2.9) | 1 (2.9) |
| Mean pH at age 1 hour‡ | 7.33 (12)2-150 | 7.34 (13)2-150 |
| Mean base deficit at age 1 hour‡ | 2.3 (12)2-150 | 3.1 (16)2-150 |
| Babies with first enteral feed | ||
| Within first day of life (%)‡ | 24 (82.7) (6)2-150 | 26 (89.6) (6)2-150 |
| Feed intolerance (%)‡ | 4 (13.8) (6)2-150 | 3 (10.3)(6)2-150 |
| TPN administration (%)‡ | 4 (13.5) (5)2-150 | 3 (10.3) (6)2-150 |
| Babies who had EBM (%)‡ | 8 (27.6) (6)2-150 | 8 (27.6) (6)2-150 |
↵2-150 Information not available; EBM expressed breast milk;‡Stillbirths were excluded.