RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Temporal trends in respiratory care and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in very preterm infants over a 10-year period in Spain JF Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition JO Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed FD BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health SP 143 OP 149 DO 10.1136/archdischild-2021-322402 VO 107 IS 2 A1 Alejandro Avila-Alvarez A1 Carlos Zozaya A1 Sonia Pértega-Diaz A1 Manuel Sanchez-Luna A1 Martin Iriondo-Sanz A1 Maria Dolores Elorza A1 Fermín García-Muñoz Rodrigo A1 , YR 2022 UL http://fn.bmj.com/content/107/2/143.abstract AB Objective To evaluate trends in respiratory care practices and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) among very preterm infants born in Spain between 2010 and 2019.Study design This was a retrospective cohort study of data obtained from a national population-based database (SEN1500 network). Changes in respiratory care and BPD-free survival of infants with gestational age (GA) of 230–316 weeks and <1500 g were assessed over two 5-year periods. Temporal trends were examined by joinpoint and Poisson regression models and expressed as the annual per cent change and adjusted relative risk (RR) for the change per year.Results A total of 17 952 infants were included. In the second period, infants were less frequently intubated in the delivery room and during neonatal intensive care unit stay. This corresponded with an increase in use of non-invasive ventilation techniques. There were no significant differences between the periods in BPD-free survival or survival without moderate-to-severe BPD. After adjusting for covariates, the RR for the change per year was significant for the following variables: never intubated (RR 1.03, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.04); intubation in the delivery room (RR 0.98, 95% CI 0.97 to 0.99); use of nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (RR 1.08, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.11); and BPD-free survival (only in the group with the lowest GA; RR 0.98, 95% CI 0.97 to 0.99).Conclusion Our findings reveal significant changes in respiratory care practices between 2009 and 2019. Despite an increase in use of non-invasive respiratory strategies, BPD-free survival did not improve and even worsened in the group with the lowest GA (230–256).Data supporting the findings of this study (deidentified participant data) are available upon request to the corresponding author.