TY - JOUR T1 - Highlights from this issue JF - Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition JO - Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed SP - 457 LP - 457 DO - 10.1136/archdischild-2020-320404 VL - 105 IS - 5 AU - Ben J Stenson Y1 - 2020/09/01 UR - http://fn.bmj.com/content/105/5/457.abstract N2 - Julia Kline and colleagues assessed MRI findings at term in 110 preterm infants born before 32 weeks’ gestation and cared for in four neonatal units in Columbus, Ohio. Using automated cortical and sub-cortical segmentation they analysed cortical surface area, sulcal depth, gyrification index, inner cortical curvature and thickness. These measures of brain development and maturation were related to the outcomes of cognitive and language testing undertaken at 2 years corrected age using the Bayley-III. Increased surface area in nearly every brain region was positively correlated with Bayley-III cognitive and language scores. Increased inner cortical curvature was negatively correlated with both outcomes. Gyrification index and sulcal depth did not follow consistent trends. These metrics retained their significance after sex, gestational age, socio-economic status and global injury score on structural MRI were included in the analysis. Surface area and inner cortical curvature explained approximately one-third of the variance in Bayley-III scores.In an accompanying editorial, David Edwards characterises the complexity of imaging and interpreting the combined effects of injury and dysmaturation on the developing brain. Major structural lesions are present in a minority of infants and the problems observed in later childhood require a much broader understanding of the … ER -