TY - JOUR T1 - Highlights from the literature JF - Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition JO - Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed SP - F396 LP - F396 DO - 10.1136/archdischild-2018-315405 VL - 103 IS - 4 A2 - , Y1 - 2018/07/01 UR - http://fn.bmj.com/content/103/4/F396.abstract N2 - Caffeine for Apnoea of Prematurity. The CAP trial was conceived out of concern about the possible adverse long term effects of caffeine on neurodevelopment, because it was a drug that was widely prescribed even though nothing was known about any long term harms. It turned out that caffeine was actually better than placebo at 2 years but its advantage seemed to have been lost by 5 years. In 2017 the trial reported that there were lower rates of motor impairment among 11 year olds in the intervention arm (JAMA Pediatr. 2017;171:564–572). Now we learn that at 11, actively treated participants had better visuomotor, visuospatial and visuoperceptual abilities without any difference in intelligence or behaviour (Pediatrics. 2018;141:e20174047). Treatment with caffeine seems to confer positive advantages on preterm babies, and the CAP trial just goes on giving.The EURAP register of pregnant women treated with anti-epileptic drugs has yielded high quality data on the relative risks of different AEDs at different doses for major congenital malformation (Lancet DOI: 10.1016/S1474-4422(18)30107-8). Analysed by drug, sodium valproate carried the highest rate, … ER -