@article {JohnsonF301, author = {Samantha Johnson and T Alun Evans and Elizabeth S Draper and David J Field and Bradley N Manktelow and Neil Marlow and Ruth Matthews and Stavros Petrou and Sarah E Seaton and Lucy K Smith and Elaine M Boyle}, title = {Neurodevelopmental outcomes following late and moderate prematurity: a population-based cohort study}, volume = {100}, number = {4}, pages = {F301--F308}, year = {2015}, doi = {10.1136/archdischild-2014-307684}, publisher = {BMJ Publishing Group}, abstract = {Objective There is a paucity of data relating to neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants born late and moderately preterm (LMPT; 32+0{\textendash}36+6 weeks). This paper present the results of a prospective, population-based study of 2-year outcomes following LMPT birth.Design 1130 LMPT and 1255 term-born children were recruited at birth. At 2 years corrected age, parents completed a questionnaire to assess neurosensory (vision, hearing, motor) impairments and the Parent Report of Children{\textquoteright}s Abilities-Revised to identify cognitive impairment. Relative risks for adverse outcomes were adjusted for sex, socio-economic status and small for gestational age, and weighted to account for over-sampling of term-born multiples. Risk factors for cognitive impairment were explored using multivariable analyses.Results Parents of 638 (57\%) LMPT infants and 765 (62\%) controls completed questionnaires. Among LMPT infants, 1.6\% had neurosensory impairment compared with 0.3\% of controls (RR 4.89, 95\% CI 1.07 to 22.25). Cognitive impairments were the most common adverse outcome: LMPT 6.3\%; controls 2.4\% (RR 2.09, 95\% CI 1.19 to 3.64). LMPT infants were at twice the risk for neurodevelopmental disability (RR 2.19, 95\% CI 1.27 to~3.75). Independent risk factors for cognitive impairment in LMPT infants were male sex, socio-economic disadvantage, non-white ethnicity, preeclampsia and not receiving breast milk at discharge.Conclusions Compared with term-born peers, LMPT infants are at double the risk for neurodevelopmental disability at 2 years of age, with the majority of impairments observed in the cognitive domain. Male sex, socio-economic disadvantage and preeclampsia are independent predictors of low cognitive scores following LMPT birth.}, issn = {1359-2998}, URL = {https://fn.bmj.com/content/100/4/F301}, eprint = {https://fn.bmj.com/content/100/4/F301.full.pdf}, journal = {Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition} }