PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Kyololo, O'Brien Munyao AU - Stevens, Bonnie AU - Gastaldo, Denise AU - Gisore, Peter TI - Procedural pain in neonatal units in Kenya AID - 10.1136/archdischild-2014-306003 DP - 2014 Nov 01 TA - Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition PG - F464--F467 VI - 99 IP - 6 4099 - http://fn.bmj.com/content/99/6/F464.short 4100 - http://fn.bmj.com/content/99/6/F464.full SO - Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed2014 Nov 01; 99 AB - Objectives To determine the nature and frequency of painful procedures and procedural pain management practices in neonatal units in Kenya. Design Cross-sectional survey. Setting Level I and level II neonatal units in Kenya. Patients Ninety-five term and preterm neonates from seven neonatal units. Methods Medical records of neonates admitted for at least 24 h were reviewed to determine the nature and frequency of painful procedures performed in the 24 h period preceding data collection (6:00 to 6:00) as well as the pain management interventions (eg, morphine, breastfeeding, skin-to-skin contact, containment, non-nutritive sucking) that accompanied each procedure. Results Neonates experienced a total of 404 painful procedures over a 24 h period (mean=4.3, SD 2.0; range 1–12); 270 tissue-damaging (mean=2.85, SD 1.1; range 1–6) and 134 non-tissue-damaging procedures (mean=1.41, SD 1.2; range 0–6). Peripheral cannula insertion (27%) and intramuscular injections (22%) were the most common painful procedures. Ventilated neonates and neonates admitted in level II neonatal units had a higher number of painful procedures than those admitted in level I units (mean 4.76 vs 2.96). Only one procedure had a pain intensity score documented; and none had been performed with any form of analgesia. Conclusions Neonates in Kenya were exposed to numerous tissue-damaging and non-tissue-damaging procedures without any form of analgesia. Our findings suggest that education is needed on how to assess and manage procedural pain in neonatal units in Kenya.